Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus
The Malay-version Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire previously demonstrated good concurrent validity, i.e. sensitivity and specificity as a screening instrument for anxiety. However, its psychometric properties on factorial validity had not been further investigated. This study in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2020
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/15123/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/15123/1/19_ms0394_pdf_64559.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848813720330829824 |
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| author | Woon, Luke Sy-Cherng Hatta Sidi, Norlaila M, |
| author_facet | Woon, Luke Sy-Cherng Hatta Sidi, Norlaila M, |
| author_sort | Woon, Luke Sy-Cherng |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The Malay-version Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire previously demonstrated good concurrent validity, i.e. sensitivity and specificity as a screening instrument for anxiety. However, its psychometric properties on factorial validity had not been further investigated. This study investigated the factor structure of the Malay-version GAD-7 in among 300 diabetic outpatients (mean age: 60.4 years, SD: 13.4 years; 52.7% male) in a Malaysian university hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Study participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, the GAD-7, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. The Malay-version GAD-7 displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.91) and satisfactory convergent validity with depression (Pearson’s R=0.642, p<0.001), overall perceptions of QOL (R=-0.277, p<0.001) and health (R=-0.257, p<0.001). In exploratory factor analysis, there was only one component with an eigenvalue >1 (eigenvalue=4.614), suggesting a unidimensional factor structure. All seven items were loaded on a higher-order factor (‘generalized anxiety’) in confirmatory factor analysis. This model did not have a good fit with the data. After examining the modification indices, the model was respecified to allow covariance of the error terms of items 1 and 2, and 2 and 3. The respecified model appeared to fit the data better (χ2=35.216, df=12, p<0.001, CFI=0.98, TLI=0.97, RMSEA=0.08, and AIC=67.22). The findings suggested that items 1, 2 and 3 of GAD-7 may share distinctive variance out of that explained by the ‘generalized anxiety’ factor. Overall, the Malay-version GAD-7 appeared to be a valid measurement of the symptoms of anxiety in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:22:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:15123 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:22:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:151232020-08-26T02:30:33Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/15123/ Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus Woon, Luke Sy-Cherng Hatta Sidi, Norlaila M, The Malay-version Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire previously demonstrated good concurrent validity, i.e. sensitivity and specificity as a screening instrument for anxiety. However, its psychometric properties on factorial validity had not been further investigated. This study investigated the factor structure of the Malay-version GAD-7 in among 300 diabetic outpatients (mean age: 60.4 years, SD: 13.4 years; 52.7% male) in a Malaysian university hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Study participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, the GAD-7, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. The Malay-version GAD-7 displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.91) and satisfactory convergent validity with depression (Pearson’s R=0.642, p<0.001), overall perceptions of QOL (R=-0.277, p<0.001) and health (R=-0.257, p<0.001). In exploratory factor analysis, there was only one component with an eigenvalue >1 (eigenvalue=4.614), suggesting a unidimensional factor structure. All seven items were loaded on a higher-order factor (‘generalized anxiety’) in confirmatory factor analysis. This model did not have a good fit with the data. After examining the modification indices, the model was respecified to allow covariance of the error terms of items 1 and 2, and 2 and 3. The respecified model appeared to fit the data better (χ2=35.216, df=12, p<0.001, CFI=0.98, TLI=0.97, RMSEA=0.08, and AIC=67.22). The findings suggested that items 1, 2 and 3 of GAD-7 may share distinctive variance out of that explained by the ‘generalized anxiety’ factor. Overall, the Malay-version GAD-7 appeared to be a valid measurement of the symptoms of anxiety in this study. Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2020 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/15123/1/19_ms0394_pdf_64559.pdf Woon, Luke Sy-Cherng and Hatta Sidi, and Norlaila M, (2020) Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus. Medicine & Health, 15 (1). pp. 208-217. ISSN 2289-5728 http://www.medicineandhealthukm.com/toc/15/1 |
| spellingShingle | Woon, Luke Sy-Cherng Hatta Sidi, Norlaila M, Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus |
| title | Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Factor structure of the Malay-version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | factor structure of the malay-version generalized anxiety disorder-7 (gad-7) questionnaire among patients with diabetes mellitus |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/15123/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/15123/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/15123/1/19_ms0394_pdf_64559.pdf |