The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India
Introduction The Infant Mortality Rate defined as the risk for a live born child to die before its first birthday, is known to be one of the most sensitive and commonly used indicators of the social and economic development of a nation. This paper investigates the causal relationship between infant...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2017
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11573/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11573/1/34-503-1-PB.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848812768750206976 |
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| author | Sharankumar Holyachi, Prakash R. Kengnal, |
| author_facet | Sharankumar Holyachi, Prakash R. Kengnal, |
| author_sort | Sharankumar Holyachi, |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction
The Infant Mortality Rate defined as the risk for a live born child to die before its first birthday, is known to be one of the most sensitive and commonly used indicators of the social and economic development of a nation. This paper investigates the causal relationship between infant mortality rate, economic growth and private health expenditure [% Gross Domestic Product (GDP)] in India using the co-integration and Granger causality frameworks for the period from 1995 to 2013 using secondary data from various sources.
Methods
We have examined the presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship using the bounds testing approach to co-integration within the Unrestricted Error- Correction Model (UECM). We have also examined the direction of causality between infant mortality rate, economic growth and private health expenditure (% GDP) in India using the Granger causality test within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM).
Results and Conclusions
As a summary of the empirical findings, we find the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Per-Capita Gross Domestic Product (PCGDP) and private health expenditure (% GDP) are co-integrated. The results of Granger Causality suggested that no short-run effect was existing between all the three variables. The error-correction term implies that the variable is non-explosive and long-run equilibrium relationship is attainable. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:07:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:11573 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:07:33Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:115732018-04-13T15:59:34Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11573/ The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India Sharankumar Holyachi, Prakash R. Kengnal, Introduction The Infant Mortality Rate defined as the risk for a live born child to die before its first birthday, is known to be one of the most sensitive and commonly used indicators of the social and economic development of a nation. This paper investigates the causal relationship between infant mortality rate, economic growth and private health expenditure [% Gross Domestic Product (GDP)] in India using the co-integration and Granger causality frameworks for the period from 1995 to 2013 using secondary data from various sources. Methods We have examined the presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship using the bounds testing approach to co-integration within the Unrestricted Error- Correction Model (UECM). We have also examined the direction of causality between infant mortality rate, economic growth and private health expenditure (% GDP) in India using the Granger causality test within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM). Results and Conclusions As a summary of the empirical findings, we find the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Per-Capita Gross Domestic Product (PCGDP) and private health expenditure (% GDP) are co-integrated. The results of Granger Causality suggested that no short-run effect was existing between all the three variables. The error-correction term implies that the variable is non-explosive and long-run equilibrium relationship is attainable. Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2017 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11573/1/34-503-1-PB.pdf Sharankumar Holyachi, and Prakash R. Kengnal, (2017) The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India. International Journal of Public Health Research, 7 (1). pp. 799-806. ISSN 2232-0245 http://spaj.ukm.my/ijphr/index.php/ijphr/issue/view/7 |
| spellingShingle | Sharankumar Holyachi, Prakash R. Kengnal, The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India |
| title | The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India |
| title_full | The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India |
| title_fullStr | The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India |
| title_short | The causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in India |
| title_sort | causal relationship between infant mortality rate, health expenditure and economic growth in india |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11573/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11573/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11573/1/34-503-1-PB.pdf |