| Summary: | Increasing student attrition at high rates in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions is a phenomenon which has not
been fully understood. Generally, much literature has been produced to explore student attrition in the conventional higher
education settings, which provides guidance as to possible factors that may influence attrition. Many factors affecting
student attrition have been identified; however, these results have only benefited the traditional institution of higher
education that promotes full-time learning, but have not helped the attrition rates at ODL institutions that supports formal
learning via lifelong learning (LLL). Today, in the advent of the Internet and its digital technologies, focus on LLL, online
education and adult learning is more evident. ODL institutions in Malaysia have now reached the mainstream of education
via lifelong learning through formal learning. Therefore, a major benefit of this research is to provide conclusive results,
which are to be used to work towards successfully reducing student attrition at ODL institutions, and, in turn, increase
their completion rates. (Abstract by authors)
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