The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions

Refuges play a key role in mediating species interactions, influencing movement patterns and shaping ecological communities. As ecosystems worldwide face increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities, understanding how, and to what extent, refuges contribute to the persistence of biodiversity is...

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Main Author: Boon, James
Format: Thesis (University of Nottingham only)
Language:English
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/80965/
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author Boon, James
author_facet Boon, James
author_sort Boon, James
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Refuges play a key role in mediating species interactions, influencing movement patterns and shaping ecological communities. As ecosystems worldwide face increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities, understanding how, and to what extent, refuges contribute to the persistence of biodiversity is crucial for effective conservation management. Using coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions as model systems, this thesis explores whether refuges fulfil their expected roles and how they directly and indirectly influence species behaviour and distribution. First, by reviewing scientific literature on biological invasions, I demonstrate that refuge-mediated processes influence the outcomes of non-native species introductions, revealing common patterns across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. Second, an investigation into depth refuges on coral reefs reveals that mesophotic fish communities have undergone greater compositional changes over time than those in shallower waters, which is inconsistent with the expectations of the deep reef refugia hypothesis. Third, I find no clear evidence that invasive lionfish undergo ontogenetic niche shifts from shallow to deeper waters. This suggests that management efforts at shallow depths will have little impact on deeper populations, which may serve as a refuge from culling efforts. Finally, I show that farming damselfish display different anti-predator behaviours across sites with varying structural complexity. A greater field of view led to more cautious behaviour, while refuge availability had little apparent effect. This suggests that changes in the visual landscape of a reef can shape how fish perceive risk and influence predator-prey dynamics. By examining the role of refuges at multiple ecological levels, from individuals to entire communities, this work provides new insights and suggests future research directions, emphasising the need to acknowledge and integrate refuges into conservation strategies.
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spelling nottingham-809652025-07-25T04:40:10Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/80965/ The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions Boon, James Refuges play a key role in mediating species interactions, influencing movement patterns and shaping ecological communities. As ecosystems worldwide face increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities, understanding how, and to what extent, refuges contribute to the persistence of biodiversity is crucial for effective conservation management. Using coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions as model systems, this thesis explores whether refuges fulfil their expected roles and how they directly and indirectly influence species behaviour and distribution. First, by reviewing scientific literature on biological invasions, I demonstrate that refuge-mediated processes influence the outcomes of non-native species introductions, revealing common patterns across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. Second, an investigation into depth refuges on coral reefs reveals that mesophotic fish communities have undergone greater compositional changes over time than those in shallower waters, which is inconsistent with the expectations of the deep reef refugia hypothesis. Third, I find no clear evidence that invasive lionfish undergo ontogenetic niche shifts from shallow to deeper waters. This suggests that management efforts at shallow depths will have little impact on deeper populations, which may serve as a refuge from culling efforts. Finally, I show that farming damselfish display different anti-predator behaviours across sites with varying structural complexity. A greater field of view led to more cautious behaviour, while refuge availability had little apparent effect. This suggests that changes in the visual landscape of a reef can shape how fish perceive risk and influence predator-prey dynamics. By examining the role of refuges at multiple ecological levels, from individuals to entire communities, this work provides new insights and suggests future research directions, emphasising the need to acknowledge and integrate refuges into conservation strategies. 2025-07-25 Thesis (University of Nottingham only) NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/80965/1/J_Boon_PhDThesis_post_corrections.pdf Boon, James (2025) The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. coral reef ecology coral reef ecosystems biological invasions refuges wildlife refuges
spellingShingle coral reef ecology
coral reef ecosystems
biological invasions
refuges
wildlife refuges
Boon, James
The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions
title The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions
title_full The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions
title_fullStr The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions
title_full_unstemmed The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions
title_short The role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions
title_sort role of refuges in coral reef ecosystems and biological invasions
topic coral reef ecology
coral reef ecosystems
biological invasions
refuges
wildlife refuges
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/80965/