Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns

Equine hepacivirus A (EqHV) is most genetically similar to hepatitis C and causes liver disease in horses. EqHV has been detected in equids globally since 2011, but several aspects about the virus are yet to be established, including transmission and clinical impact. This study developed a novel...

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Main Author: Radley, Mirelle
Format: Thesis (University of Nottingham only)
Language:English
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/76933/
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author Radley, Mirelle
author_facet Radley, Mirelle
author_sort Radley, Mirelle
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Equine hepacivirus A (EqHV) is most genetically similar to hepatitis C and causes liver disease in horses. EqHV has been detected in equids globally since 2011, but several aspects about the virus are yet to be established, including transmission and clinical impact. This study developed a novel assay to detect EqHV antibodies, using EqHV viral proteins expressed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Nicotiana benthamiana. Prevalence of EqHV was assessed in a population of rescue horses from Bransby horse sanctuary over several months of 2018. Results showed a new significant seasonal dependence of EqHV prevalence, with most positive samples obtained in the summer months only. An in vivo experiment demonstrated biting flies are a potential transmission vector and may explain this seasonality. Clinical chemistry data was assessed and compared to data from a Thoroughbred population. Potential implications of haematological parameters were identified for Thoroughbred horses with EqHV. Thoroughbred horses positive for EqHV via PCR had a significantly higher level of haemoglobin, MCH, PCV and MCV and significantly lower MCHC. The haematological parameters for Bransby rescue horses positive for EqHV were not affected, however a have significantly lower levels of CK, highlighting the differences and implications EqHV infections may have on horses in intense work.
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spelling nottingham-769332025-08-17T04:30:07Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/76933/ Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns Radley, Mirelle Equine hepacivirus A (EqHV) is most genetically similar to hepatitis C and causes liver disease in horses. EqHV has been detected in equids globally since 2011, but several aspects about the virus are yet to be established, including transmission and clinical impact. This study developed a novel assay to detect EqHV antibodies, using EqHV viral proteins expressed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Nicotiana benthamiana. Prevalence of EqHV was assessed in a population of rescue horses from Bransby horse sanctuary over several months of 2018. Results showed a new significant seasonal dependence of EqHV prevalence, with most positive samples obtained in the summer months only. An in vivo experiment demonstrated biting flies are a potential transmission vector and may explain this seasonality. Clinical chemistry data was assessed and compared to data from a Thoroughbred population. Potential implications of haematological parameters were identified for Thoroughbred horses with EqHV. Thoroughbred horses positive for EqHV via PCR had a significantly higher level of haemoglobin, MCH, PCV and MCV and significantly lower MCHC. The haematological parameters for Bransby rescue horses positive for EqHV were not affected, however a have significantly lower levels of CK, highlighting the differences and implications EqHV infections may have on horses in intense work. 2024-07-31 Thesis (University of Nottingham only) NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by_nc https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/76933/1/Final%20copy%20Thesis%20corrected%20Mirelle%20Radley.pdf Radley, Mirelle (2024) Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Equine hepacivirus A (EqHV); EqHV antibodies; EqHV prevalence
spellingShingle Equine hepacivirus A (EqHV); EqHV antibodies; EqHV prevalence
Radley, Mirelle
Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns
title Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns
title_full Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns
title_fullStr Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns
title_full_unstemmed Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns
title_short Insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns
title_sort insights into equine hepacivirus: assay development and transmission patterns
topic Equine hepacivirus A (EqHV); EqHV antibodies; EqHV prevalence
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/76933/