The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019)
The impact of the 2016 EU referendum result on UK politics was as dramatic as it was unexpected. Instead of endorsing the status quo, it forced a significant change in policy direction that most of the political class disagreed with. However, this rare example of direct delegation to UK voters did...
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| Format: | Thesis (University of Nottingham only) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/73164/ |
| _version_ | 1848800768137625600 |
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| author | Stafford, Christopher |
| author_facet | Stafford, Christopher |
| author_sort | Stafford, Christopher |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The impact of the 2016 EU referendum result on UK politics was as dramatic as it was unexpected. Instead of endorsing the status quo, it forced a significant change in policy direction that most of the political class disagreed with. However, this rare example of direct delegation to UK voters did little to alter the strong and persistent perceptions among them that their MPs do not care what they think. On the contrary, it appeared to exacerbate such sentiments and reinforce the beliefs of voters that their representatives are primarily motivated by other factors.
The academic literature suggests that when deciding on what policies to support MPs face a trade-off between three main influences: the demands of their constituents, their party leadership and their own consciences. Within the UK studies regularly suggest that the party line is the most reliable predictor of how an MP will vote. However, the referendum presents a unique opportunity to comprehensively test the extent of these influences that has yet to be sufficiently realised. While there have been numerous academic studies focusing on either explaining why people voted as they did at the referendum or how Parliament handled the withdrawal process in the years that followed, the extent to which the former may have influenced the latter remains understudied.
This is an important area of study given the aforementioned declining public faith in their representatives and the rarity of direct delegation to voters within the UK. This research therefore addresses this gap in the literature while also contributing to broader debates about democracy and representation within the UK. Using a mixed methods approach, the study develops and tests a tripartite model of the potential influences on MPs to determine the effect they can have on how they vote in Parliament.
The findings suggest that voter perceptions of their elected representatives are not all that far off the mark: most MPs were not directly responsive to constituency opinion and their voting behaviour was instead primarily motivated by their own beliefs and evaluations of what needed to happen. These in turn could be heavily influenced by the evaluations of MPs as to what was best for their party and their position within it. However, despite having little observable impact on how they voted in Parliament, most MPs were still responsive to constituency opinion in other ways, notably in how they framed their policy positions and actions.
In contributing these findings to the academic literature, this study therefore proposes a broader framework within which to conceptualise and test the responsiveness of MPs to constituent desires. While the findings of this research do reinforce some of the negative views voters hold about their representatives, it does offer them a broader understanding of how their opinions play into the legislative process and what influence they can actually have. This situation still raises important questions about UK democracy and the ability of political elites to effectively engage with voters and govern the country, but the findings of this study can go some way towards helping academics and practitioners better address and engage with these problems and public perceptions of them. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:56:48Z |
| format | Thesis (University of Nottingham only) |
| id | nottingham-73164 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:56:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-731642023-07-25T04:40:11Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/73164/ The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019) Stafford, Christopher The impact of the 2016 EU referendum result on UK politics was as dramatic as it was unexpected. Instead of endorsing the status quo, it forced a significant change in policy direction that most of the political class disagreed with. However, this rare example of direct delegation to UK voters did little to alter the strong and persistent perceptions among them that their MPs do not care what they think. On the contrary, it appeared to exacerbate such sentiments and reinforce the beliefs of voters that their representatives are primarily motivated by other factors. The academic literature suggests that when deciding on what policies to support MPs face a trade-off between three main influences: the demands of their constituents, their party leadership and their own consciences. Within the UK studies regularly suggest that the party line is the most reliable predictor of how an MP will vote. However, the referendum presents a unique opportunity to comprehensively test the extent of these influences that has yet to be sufficiently realised. While there have been numerous academic studies focusing on either explaining why people voted as they did at the referendum or how Parliament handled the withdrawal process in the years that followed, the extent to which the former may have influenced the latter remains understudied. This is an important area of study given the aforementioned declining public faith in their representatives and the rarity of direct delegation to voters within the UK. This research therefore addresses this gap in the literature while also contributing to broader debates about democracy and representation within the UK. Using a mixed methods approach, the study develops and tests a tripartite model of the potential influences on MPs to determine the effect they can have on how they vote in Parliament. The findings suggest that voter perceptions of their elected representatives are not all that far off the mark: most MPs were not directly responsive to constituency opinion and their voting behaviour was instead primarily motivated by their own beliefs and evaluations of what needed to happen. These in turn could be heavily influenced by the evaluations of MPs as to what was best for their party and their position within it. However, despite having little observable impact on how they voted in Parliament, most MPs were still responsive to constituency opinion in other ways, notably in how they framed their policy positions and actions. In contributing these findings to the academic literature, this study therefore proposes a broader framework within which to conceptualise and test the responsiveness of MPs to constituent desires. While the findings of this research do reinforce some of the negative views voters hold about their representatives, it does offer them a broader understanding of how their opinions play into the legislative process and what influence they can actually have. This situation still raises important questions about UK democracy and the ability of political elites to effectively engage with voters and govern the country, but the findings of this study can go some way towards helping academics and practitioners better address and engage with these problems and public perceptions of them. 2023-07-25 Thesis (University of Nottingham only) NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/73164/1/The%20Will%20of%20the%20People%20The%20Responsiveness%20of%20UK%20MPs%20During%20the%20EU%20Withdrawal%20Process.pdf Stafford, Christopher (2023) The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019). PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. European Union--Great Britain Great Britain--Politics and government Representative government and representation Legislators MPs |
| spellingShingle | European Union--Great Britain Great Britain--Politics and government Representative government and representation Legislators MPs Stafford, Christopher The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019) |
| title | The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019) |
| title_full | The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019) |
| title_fullStr | The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019) |
| title_short | The will of the people? The responsiveness of UK MPs during the EU withdrawal process (2016-2019) |
| title_sort | will of the people? the responsiveness of uk mps during the eu withdrawal process (2016-2019) |
| topic | European Union--Great Britain Great Britain--Politics and government Representative government and representation Legislators MPs |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/73164/ |