Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis

In recent decades, the unlimited use of fossil fuels mostly for power generation has emitted a huge amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which in return has led to global warming. Here we use green technology, the molten salt electrochemical system comprising of titanium and mild steel as a ca...

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Main Authors: Al-Juboori, Ossama, Sher, Farooq, Rahman, Saba, Rasheed, Tahir, Chen, George Z.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Chemical Society 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/64368/
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author Al-Juboori, Ossama
Sher, Farooq
Rahman, Saba
Rasheed, Tahir
Chen, George Z.
author_facet Al-Juboori, Ossama
Sher, Farooq
Rahman, Saba
Rasheed, Tahir
Chen, George Z.
author_sort Al-Juboori, Ossama
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description In recent decades, the unlimited use of fossil fuels mostly for power generation has emitted a huge amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which in return has led to global warming. Here we use green technology, the molten salt electrochemical system comprising of titanium and mild steel as a cathode with graphite anode whereas molten carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%), hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27; 73 and KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol %) and chlorides (KCl-LiCl; 41-59 mol%) salts as electrolytes This study investigates the effect of temperature, feed gas ratio CO2/H2Oand use of different cathode materials on hydrocarbon product along with current efficiencies. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy have been applied to analyze the gas products. According to GC results, more specific results in terms of high molecular weight and long chain hydrocarbons were obtained by using titanium cathodic material rather than mild steel. The results revealed that among all the electrolytes, molten carbonates at 1.5V and 425˚C produced higher hydrocarbons as C7H16 while all other produced CH4. The optimum conditions for hydrocarbon formation and higher current efficiencies in case of molten carbonates were found to be 500oC under a molar ratio of CO2/H2O of 15.6. However, the current efficiencies do not change on increasing the temperature from 425 to 500oCand is maintained at 99% under a molar ratio of CO2/H2O of 15.6. The total current efficiency of the entire cathodic product reduced clearly from 95 to 79% by increasing the temperature under a CO2/H2O ratio of 9.2 due to the reduction of hydrocarbon generation in this case, despite the formation of C7H16. Therefore, due to its fast electrolytic conversion rate and low cost (no use of catalyst) the practice of molten salts could be an encouraging and promising technology for future investigation for hydrocarbon fuel formation.
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spelling nottingham-643682021-01-22T05:59:29Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/64368/ Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis Al-Juboori, Ossama Sher, Farooq Rahman, Saba Rasheed, Tahir Chen, George Z. In recent decades, the unlimited use of fossil fuels mostly for power generation has emitted a huge amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which in return has led to global warming. Here we use green technology, the molten salt electrochemical system comprising of titanium and mild steel as a cathode with graphite anode whereas molten carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%), hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27; 73 and KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol %) and chlorides (KCl-LiCl; 41-59 mol%) salts as electrolytes This study investigates the effect of temperature, feed gas ratio CO2/H2Oand use of different cathode materials on hydrocarbon product along with current efficiencies. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy have been applied to analyze the gas products. According to GC results, more specific results in terms of high molecular weight and long chain hydrocarbons were obtained by using titanium cathodic material rather than mild steel. The results revealed that among all the electrolytes, molten carbonates at 1.5V and 425˚C produced higher hydrocarbons as C7H16 while all other produced CH4. The optimum conditions for hydrocarbon formation and higher current efficiencies in case of molten carbonates were found to be 500oC under a molar ratio of CO2/H2O of 15.6. However, the current efficiencies do not change on increasing the temperature from 425 to 500oCand is maintained at 99% under a molar ratio of CO2/H2O of 15.6. The total current efficiency of the entire cathodic product reduced clearly from 95 to 79% by increasing the temperature under a CO2/H2O ratio of 9.2 due to the reduction of hydrocarbon generation in this case, despite the formation of C7H16. Therefore, due to its fast electrolytic conversion rate and low cost (no use of catalyst) the practice of molten salts could be an encouraging and promising technology for future investigation for hydrocarbon fuel formation. American Chemical Society 2020-12-28 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/64368/1/Sustainable%20Conversion%20of%20Carbon%20Dioxide%20into%20Diverse%20Hydrocarbon%20Fuels%20via%20Molten%20Salt%20Electrolysis.pdf Al-Juboori, Ossama, Sher, Farooq, Rahman, Saba, Rasheed, Tahir and Chen, George Z. (2020) Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8 (51). pp. 19178-19188. ISSN 2168-0485 Renewable energy; CO2 utilisation; Electrochemical conversion; Molten salts electrolysis; Hydrocarbon fuels and CO2/H2O http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08209 doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08209 doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08209
spellingShingle Renewable energy; CO2 utilisation; Electrochemical conversion; Molten salts electrolysis; Hydrocarbon fuels and CO2/H2O
Al-Juboori, Ossama
Sher, Farooq
Rahman, Saba
Rasheed, Tahir
Chen, George Z.
Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis
title Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis
title_full Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis
title_fullStr Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis
title_short Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis
title_sort sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide into diverse hydrocarbon fuels via molten salt electrolysis
topic Renewable energy; CO2 utilisation; Electrochemical conversion; Molten salts electrolysis; Hydrocarbon fuels and CO2/H2O
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/64368/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/64368/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/64368/