The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis
The emission of CO2 has been increasing day by day by growing world population, which resulted in the atmospheric and environmental destruction. Conventionally different strategies; including nuclear power and geothermal energy have been adopted to convert atmospheric CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels. Howev...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61458/ |
| _version_ | 1848799879235633152 |
|---|---|
| author | Al-Juboori, Ossama Sher, Farooq Hazafa, Abu Khan, Muhammad Kashif Chen, George Zheng |
| author_facet | Al-Juboori, Ossama Sher, Farooq Hazafa, Abu Khan, Muhammad Kashif Chen, George Zheng |
| author_sort | Al-Juboori, Ossama |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The emission of CO2 has been increasing day by day by growing world population, which resulted in the atmospheric and environmental destruction. Conventionally different strategies; including nuclear power and geothermal energy have been adopted to convert atmospheric CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels. However, these methods are very complicated due to large amount of radioactive waste from the reprocessing plant. The present study investigated the effect of various parameters like temperature (200–500 oC), applied voltage (1.5–3.0 V), and feed gas (CO2/H2O) composition of 1, 9.2, and 15.6 in hydrocarbon fuel formation in molten carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%) and hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 and KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol%) salts. The GC results reported that CH4 was the predominant hydrocarbon product with a lower CO2/H2O ratio (9.2) at 275 oC under 3 V in molten hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH). The results also showed that by increasing electrolysis temperature from 425 to 500 oC, the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon species rose to 7 (C7H16) with a production rate of 1.5 μmol/h cm2 at CO2/H2O ratio of 9.2. Moreover, the electrolysis to produce hydrocarbons in molten carbonates was more feasible at 1.5 V than 2 V due to the prospective carbon formation. While in molten hydroxide, the CH4 production rate (0.80–20.40 µmol/h cm2) increased by increasing the applied voltage from 2.0–3.0 V despite the reduced current efficiencies (2.30 to 0.05%). The maximum current efficiency (99.5%) was achieved for H2 as a by-product in molten hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 mol%) at 275 oC, under 2 V and CO2/H2O ratio of 1. Resultantly, the practice of molten salts could be a promising and encouraging technology for further fundamental investigation for hydrocarbon fuel formation due to its fast-electrolytic conversion rate and no utilization of catalyst. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:42:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-61458 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:42:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-614582020-08-28T02:11:05Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61458/ The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis Al-Juboori, Ossama Sher, Farooq Hazafa, Abu Khan, Muhammad Kashif Chen, George Zheng The emission of CO2 has been increasing day by day by growing world population, which resulted in the atmospheric and environmental destruction. Conventionally different strategies; including nuclear power and geothermal energy have been adopted to convert atmospheric CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels. However, these methods are very complicated due to large amount of radioactive waste from the reprocessing plant. The present study investigated the effect of various parameters like temperature (200–500 oC), applied voltage (1.5–3.0 V), and feed gas (CO2/H2O) composition of 1, 9.2, and 15.6 in hydrocarbon fuel formation in molten carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%) and hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 and KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol%) salts. The GC results reported that CH4 was the predominant hydrocarbon product with a lower CO2/H2O ratio (9.2) at 275 oC under 3 V in molten hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH). The results also showed that by increasing electrolysis temperature from 425 to 500 oC, the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon species rose to 7 (C7H16) with a production rate of 1.5 μmol/h cm2 at CO2/H2O ratio of 9.2. Moreover, the electrolysis to produce hydrocarbons in molten carbonates was more feasible at 1.5 V than 2 V due to the prospective carbon formation. While in molten hydroxide, the CH4 production rate (0.80–20.40 µmol/h cm2) increased by increasing the applied voltage from 2.0–3.0 V despite the reduced current efficiencies (2.30 to 0.05%). The maximum current efficiency (99.5%) was achieved for H2 as a by-product in molten hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 mol%) at 275 oC, under 2 V and CO2/H2O ratio of 1. Resultantly, the practice of molten salts could be a promising and encouraging technology for further fundamental investigation for hydrocarbon fuel formation due to its fast-electrolytic conversion rate and no utilization of catalyst. Elsevier Ltd 2020-06-10 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61458/1/The%20effect%20of%20variable%20operating%20parameters%20for%20hydrocarbon%20fuel%20formation%20from%20CO2%20by%20molten%20salts%20electrolysis.pdf Al-Juboori, Ossama, Sher, Farooq, Hazafa, Abu, Khan, Muhammad Kashif and Chen, George Zheng (2020) The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 40 . p. 101193. ISSN 22129820 Renewable energy; Molten salt electrolysis; Applied voltage; CO2/H2O; hydrocarbon fuels; Electrochemical conversion and Carbon dioxide capture http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101193 doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101193 doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101193 |
| spellingShingle | Renewable energy; Molten salt electrolysis; Applied voltage; CO2/H2O; hydrocarbon fuels; Electrochemical conversion and Carbon dioxide capture Al-Juboori, Ossama Sher, Farooq Hazafa, Abu Khan, Muhammad Kashif Chen, George Zheng The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis |
| title | The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis |
| title_full | The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis |
| title_fullStr | The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis |
| title_short | The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis |
| title_sort | effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from co2 by molten salts electrolysis |
| topic | Renewable energy; Molten salt electrolysis; Applied voltage; CO2/H2O; hydrocarbon fuels; Electrochemical conversion and Carbon dioxide capture |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61458/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61458/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61458/ |