Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China
Chemical information is essential in understanding the characteristics of airborne particles, and effectively controlling airborne particulate matter pollution, but it remains unclear in some regions due to the scarcity of measurement data. In the present study, 92 daily PM2.5 (particulate matter wi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2018
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55880/ |
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| author | Wang, Weifeng Yu, Jie Cui, Yang He, Jun Xue, Peng Cao, Wan Ying, Hongmei Gao, Wenkang Yan, Yingchao Hu, Bo Xin, Jinyuan Wang, Lili Liu, Zirui Sun, Yang Ji, Dongsheng Wang, Yuesi |
| author_facet | Wang, Weifeng Yu, Jie Cui, Yang He, Jun Xue, Peng Cao, Wan Ying, Hongmei Gao, Wenkang Yan, Yingchao Hu, Bo Xin, Jinyuan Wang, Lili Liu, Zirui Sun, Yang Ji, Dongsheng Wang, Yuesi |
| author_sort | Wang, Weifeng |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Chemical information is essential in understanding the characteristics of airborne particles, and effectively controlling airborne particulate matter pollution, but it remains unclear in some regions due to the scarcity of measurement data. In the present study, 92 daily PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) samples as well as historical observation data of air pollutants were collected in urban Ningbo, one of important industrial cities in the coastal area of the Yangtze River Delta, China in autumn and winter (from Nov. 2014 to Feb. 2015). Various chemical species in PM2.5 were determined including water soluble ions, organic and elemental carbon and elements. Positive matrix factorization model, cluster analysis of back trajectories, potential source contribution function (PSCF) model and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) model were used for identifying sources, apportioning contributions from each source and tracking potential areas of sources. The results showed the PM2.5 concentration has been reducing; nonetheless, the concentrations of PM2.5 are still much higher than the World Health Organization guideline with high PM2.5 concentrations observed in autumn and winter for the past few years. During the sampling period, the average PM2.5 mass concentration was 77 μg/m3 with the major components of OC, NO3−, SO42 −, NH4+ and EC, accounting for 24.7, 18.8, 14.5, 11.8 and 6.4% in the total mass concentration, respectively. When the aerosol pollution got worse during the sampling period, the NO3−, SO42 − and NH4+ concentrations increased accordingly and NO3− appeared to increase at fastest rate. SO42 − transported from industrial areas led to slight difference in spatial distribution of SO42 − in Ningbo. More secondary organic carbon was formed and the enrichment factor values of Cu, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb increased with the degradation of air quality. Ten types of sources were identified for PM2.5 in the autumn and winter of Ningbo, which are metallurgical industry, biomass burning and waste incineration, manufacturing related with Mo, chlor-alkli chemical industry, oil combustion, vehicular emission, secondary source, soil dust, road dust and manufacturing related with Cr, accounting for 9.4, 4.8, 9.4, 7.6, 8.1, 18.7, 27.6, 2, 7.1 and 5.2% of the total sources, respectively. There were five groups of air parcels arriving in Ningbo, of which inland air masses originating from Shandong province were associated with the highest PM2.5 concentrations. Despite the slight differences, it was obvious that the north of Jiangxi, east of Anhui, west of Jiangsu, south of Shandong were identified as major potential sources-areas of SO42 −, NO3−, NH4+, Cl−, OC and EC by both PSCF and CWT models. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:32:23Z |
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| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:32:23Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| spelling | nottingham-558802019-12-07T04:30:14Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55880/ Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China Wang, Weifeng Yu, Jie Cui, Yang He, Jun Xue, Peng Cao, Wan Ying, Hongmei Gao, Wenkang Yan, Yingchao Hu, Bo Xin, Jinyuan Wang, Lili Liu, Zirui Sun, Yang Ji, Dongsheng Wang, Yuesi Chemical information is essential in understanding the characteristics of airborne particles, and effectively controlling airborne particulate matter pollution, but it remains unclear in some regions due to the scarcity of measurement data. In the present study, 92 daily PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) samples as well as historical observation data of air pollutants were collected in urban Ningbo, one of important industrial cities in the coastal area of the Yangtze River Delta, China in autumn and winter (from Nov. 2014 to Feb. 2015). Various chemical species in PM2.5 were determined including water soluble ions, organic and elemental carbon and elements. Positive matrix factorization model, cluster analysis of back trajectories, potential source contribution function (PSCF) model and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) model were used for identifying sources, apportioning contributions from each source and tracking potential areas of sources. The results showed the PM2.5 concentration has been reducing; nonetheless, the concentrations of PM2.5 are still much higher than the World Health Organization guideline with high PM2.5 concentrations observed in autumn and winter for the past few years. During the sampling period, the average PM2.5 mass concentration was 77 μg/m3 with the major components of OC, NO3−, SO42 −, NH4+ and EC, accounting for 24.7, 18.8, 14.5, 11.8 and 6.4% in the total mass concentration, respectively. When the aerosol pollution got worse during the sampling period, the NO3−, SO42 − and NH4+ concentrations increased accordingly and NO3− appeared to increase at fastest rate. SO42 − transported from industrial areas led to slight difference in spatial distribution of SO42 − in Ningbo. More secondary organic carbon was formed and the enrichment factor values of Cu, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb increased with the degradation of air quality. Ten types of sources were identified for PM2.5 in the autumn and winter of Ningbo, which are metallurgical industry, biomass burning and waste incineration, manufacturing related with Mo, chlor-alkli chemical industry, oil combustion, vehicular emission, secondary source, soil dust, road dust and manufacturing related with Cr, accounting for 9.4, 4.8, 9.4, 7.6, 8.1, 18.7, 27.6, 2, 7.1 and 5.2% of the total sources, respectively. There were five groups of air parcels arriving in Ningbo, of which inland air masses originating from Shandong province were associated with the highest PM2.5 concentrations. Despite the slight differences, it was obvious that the north of Jiangxi, east of Anhui, west of Jiangsu, south of Shandong were identified as major potential sources-areas of SO42 −, NO3−, NH4+, Cl−, OC and EC by both PSCF and CWT models. Elsevier 2018-05-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by_nc_nd https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55880/1/2018-Fine%20particulate%20matter%20and%20its%20source%20in%20Ningbo.pdf Wang, Weifeng, Yu, Jie, Cui, Yang, He, Jun, Xue, Peng, Cao, Wan, Ying, Hongmei, Gao, Wenkang, Yan, Yingchao, Hu, Bo, Xin, Jinyuan, Wang, Lili, Liu, Zirui, Sun, Yang, Ji, Dongsheng and Wang, Yuesi (2018) Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China. Atmospheric Research, 203 . pp. 105-117. ISSN 0169-8095 PM2.5; Chemical species; Source apportionment; Yangtze River Delta http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.11.033 doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.11.033 doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.11.033 |
| spellingShingle | PM2.5; Chemical species; Source apportionment; Yangtze River Delta Wang, Weifeng Yu, Jie Cui, Yang He, Jun Xue, Peng Cao, Wan Ying, Hongmei Gao, Wenkang Yan, Yingchao Hu, Bo Xin, Jinyuan Wang, Lili Liu, Zirui Sun, Yang Ji, Dongsheng Wang, Yuesi Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title | Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_full | Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_short | Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_sort | characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, ningbo, yangtze river delta, china |
| topic | PM2.5; Chemical species; Source apportionment; Yangtze River Delta |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55880/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55880/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55880/ |