Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules
Intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) has long been investigated in para-fluorotoluene (pFT), with many comparisons made to para-difluorobenzene (pDFB). These comparisons have shown an increased IVR rate for pFT compared to pDFB at similar internal energies, and there are two factors which...
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| Format: | Thesis (University of Nottingham only) |
| Language: | English |
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2018
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/54244/ |
| _version_ | 1848799026744393728 |
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| author | Tuttle, William Duncan |
| author_facet | Tuttle, William Duncan |
| author_sort | Tuttle, William Duncan |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) has long been investigated in para-fluorotoluene (pFT), with many comparisons made to para-difluorobenzene (pDFB). These comparisons have shown an increased IVR rate for pFT compared to pDFB at similar internal energies, and there are two factors which could influence this – the addition of the methyl group and the lowering of the symmetry of the molecule. This thesis looks to separate these two effects by introducing a comparison of pFT to para-chlorofluorobenzene, as well as an additional comparison of para-xylene (pXyl) to pDFB.
Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation (REMPI) spectra of these four molecules are presented, with zero-electron-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectra recorded via many intermediate levels up to ~00+1200 cm-1 for both pFT and pXyl. These ZEKE spectra allow the assignment of many torsional, vibrational and vibration-torsion levels in these two molecules, with pXyl treated with the appropriate G72 molecular symmetry group for the first time. Several reassignments, as well as many new assignments, are presented for pFT and pXyl.
Use of the REMPI and ZEKE techniques allows for the probing of any couplings between levels in the S1 state, as well as providing ground state cation information, and this is supplemented by comparison of REMPI activity between the four para-disubstituted benzene molecules. Proposed couplings, which appear to become more widespread at higher internal energies, are supported by density of states calculations, and a discussion of the influence of both the methyl group and the molecular symmetry on the couplings is presented. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:29:07Z |
| format | Thesis (University of Nottingham only) |
| id | nottingham-54244 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:29:07Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-542442025-02-28T14:14:16Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/54244/ Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules Tuttle, William Duncan Intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) has long been investigated in para-fluorotoluene (pFT), with many comparisons made to para-difluorobenzene (pDFB). These comparisons have shown an increased IVR rate for pFT compared to pDFB at similar internal energies, and there are two factors which could influence this – the addition of the methyl group and the lowering of the symmetry of the molecule. This thesis looks to separate these two effects by introducing a comparison of pFT to para-chlorofluorobenzene, as well as an additional comparison of para-xylene (pXyl) to pDFB. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation (REMPI) spectra of these four molecules are presented, with zero-electron-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectra recorded via many intermediate levels up to ~00+1200 cm-1 for both pFT and pXyl. These ZEKE spectra allow the assignment of many torsional, vibrational and vibration-torsion levels in these two molecules, with pXyl treated with the appropriate G72 molecular symmetry group for the first time. Several reassignments, as well as many new assignments, are presented for pFT and pXyl. Use of the REMPI and ZEKE techniques allows for the probing of any couplings between levels in the S1 state, as well as providing ground state cation information, and this is supplemented by comparison of REMPI activity between the four para-disubstituted benzene molecules. Proposed couplings, which appear to become more widespread at higher internal energies, are supported by density of states calculations, and a discussion of the influence of both the methyl group and the molecular symmetry on the couplings is presented. 2018-12-11 Thesis (University of Nottingham only) NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en arr https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/54244/1/WDT_PhDThesis_06.08.18-final.pdf Tuttle, William Duncan (2018) Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Benzene molecules; Benzene spectra |
| spellingShingle | Benzene molecules; Benzene spectra Tuttle, William Duncan Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules |
| title | Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules |
| title_full | Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules |
| title_fullStr | Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules |
| title_short | Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules |
| title_sort | electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy of substituted benzene molecules |
| topic | Benzene molecules; Benzene spectra |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/54244/ |