Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides
Electrolytic reduction of dissolved iron oxide to metal iron in molten salts with an inert anode is an alternative short route for steelmaking without CO2 emissions. A novel and simple integrated yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cell was constructed from a YSZ tube with a closed end. The YSZ tube pl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Verlag
2018
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53616/ |
| _version_ | 1848798965401649152 |
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| author | Hu, Hongbo Gao, Yunming Lao, Yigui Qin, Qingwei Li, Guangqiang Chen, George Z. |
| author_facet | Hu, Hongbo Gao, Yunming Lao, Yigui Qin, Qingwei Li, Guangqiang Chen, George Z. |
| author_sort | Hu, Hongbo |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Electrolytic reduction of dissolved iron oxide to metal iron in molten salts with an inert anode is an alternative short route for steelmaking without CO2 emissions. A novel and simple integrated yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cell was constructed from a YSZ tube with a closed end. The YSZ tube played multiple functions, including the container for the molten salts, the solid electrolyte membrane in the O2−|YSZ|Pt|O2 (air) reference electrode (RE), and the solid electrolyte membrane between the working and counter electrodes (WE and CE). Electrochemical behavior of ferric ions (Fe3+) that were formed by dissolution of 0.5 wt pct Fe2O3 in the molten CaCl2-NaCl eutectic mixture was investigated on a Pt WE at 1273 K by various electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, linear scan voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and potentiostatic electrolysis. Analysis of the mechanism of electrode reactions was further assisted by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Some electrochemical parameters were obtained, including the number of exchanged electrons and the diffusion coefficient of ferric ions in the mixed molten salts. The results from various electrochemical techniques are in good agreement with each other, and show that the electrochemical reduction of Fe3+ to Fe in the molten salt mixture could be a single three-electron transfer step and diffusion-controlled reaction that was also possibly reversible. This work may form the foundation for extraction of iron and alloys from molten salts and also provide a stable O2−|YSZ|Pt|O2 (air) RE with wide applicability for investigation on electrochemical properties of other electroactive metal oxides in molten salts. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:28:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-53616 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:28:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Springer Verlag |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-536162020-08-05T11:30:43Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53616/ Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides Hu, Hongbo Gao, Yunming Lao, Yigui Qin, Qingwei Li, Guangqiang Chen, George Z. Electrolytic reduction of dissolved iron oxide to metal iron in molten salts with an inert anode is an alternative short route for steelmaking without CO2 emissions. A novel and simple integrated yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cell was constructed from a YSZ tube with a closed end. The YSZ tube played multiple functions, including the container for the molten salts, the solid electrolyte membrane in the O2−|YSZ|Pt|O2 (air) reference electrode (RE), and the solid electrolyte membrane between the working and counter electrodes (WE and CE). Electrochemical behavior of ferric ions (Fe3+) that were formed by dissolution of 0.5 wt pct Fe2O3 in the molten CaCl2-NaCl eutectic mixture was investigated on a Pt WE at 1273 K by various electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, linear scan voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and potentiostatic electrolysis. Analysis of the mechanism of electrode reactions was further assisted by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Some electrochemical parameters were obtained, including the number of exchanged electrons and the diffusion coefficient of ferric ions in the mixed molten salts. The results from various electrochemical techniques are in good agreement with each other, and show that the electrochemical reduction of Fe3+ to Fe in the molten salt mixture could be a single three-electron transfer step and diffusion-controlled reaction that was also possibly reversible. This work may form the foundation for extraction of iron and alloys from molten salts and also provide a stable O2−|YSZ|Pt|O2 (air) RE with wide applicability for investigation on electrochemical properties of other electroactive metal oxides in molten salts. Springer Verlag 2018-10 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53616/1/Yttria%20Stabilized%20Zirconia%20Aided%20Electrochemical%20Investigation%20on%20Ferric....pdf Hu, Hongbo, Gao, Yunming, Lao, Yigui, Qin, Qingwei, Li, Guangqiang and Chen, George Z. (2018) Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 49 . ISSN 1543-1916 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1371-z doi:10.1007/s11663-018-1371-z doi:10.1007/s11663-018-1371-z |
| spellingShingle | Hu, Hongbo Gao, Yunming Lao, Yigui Qin, Qingwei Li, Guangqiang Chen, George Z. Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides |
| title | Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides |
| title_full | Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides |
| title_fullStr | Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides |
| title_short | Yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides |
| title_sort | yttria-stabilized zirconia aided electrochemical investigation on ferric ions in mixed molten calcium and sodium chlorides |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53616/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53616/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53616/ |