Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland

This article discusses a method that has previously been used to quantify proportions of Scandinavian vocabulary relative to Old English-derived vocabulary in corpora of minor names from areas of Viking-Age Scandinavian settlement in England. This method is then applied to corpora of medieval micro...

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Main Author: Rye, Eleanor
Other Authors: Akselberg, Gunnstein
Format: Book Section
Published: NORNA-förlaget 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50643/
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author Rye, Eleanor
author2 Akselberg, Gunnstein
author_facet Akselberg, Gunnstein
Rye, Eleanor
author_sort Rye, Eleanor
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description This article discusses a method that has previously been used to quantify proportions of Scandinavian vocabulary relative to Old English-derived vocabulary in corpora of minor names from areas of Viking-Age Scandinavian settlement in England. This method is then applied to corpora of medieval microtoponyms from two well-known areas of Scandinavian settlement in northwest England, the Wirral peninsula, historically part of the county of Cheshire, and the West Ward of the Barony of Westmorland in the present-day county of Cumbria. The ratio of Scandinavian-derived to Old English-derived place name elements is much higher in the Westmorland corpus than in the Wirral corpus, and this difference is even more marked when the frequency of usage of place-name elements is considered. The higher levels of Scandinavian vocabulary in the Westmorland corpus than in the Wirral corpus are accompanied by greater evidence for the preservation of Scandinavian inflexions. It is impossible to be certain, but there are hints that these discrepancies might be explained by the survival of Scandinavian speech for longer in Westmorland than in Wirral and thus reflect post Conquest developments rather than the circumstances of the initial settlements.
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spelling nottingham-506432020-05-04T18:53:28Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50643/ Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland Rye, Eleanor This article discusses a method that has previously been used to quantify proportions of Scandinavian vocabulary relative to Old English-derived vocabulary in corpora of minor names from areas of Viking-Age Scandinavian settlement in England. This method is then applied to corpora of medieval microtoponyms from two well-known areas of Scandinavian settlement in northwest England, the Wirral peninsula, historically part of the county of Cheshire, and the West Ward of the Barony of Westmorland in the present-day county of Cumbria. The ratio of Scandinavian-derived to Old English-derived place name elements is much higher in the Westmorland corpus than in the Wirral corpus, and this difference is even more marked when the frequency of usage of place-name elements is considered. The higher levels of Scandinavian vocabulary in the Westmorland corpus than in the Wirral corpus are accompanied by greater evidence for the preservation of Scandinavian inflexions. It is impossible to be certain, but there are hints that these discrepancies might be explained by the survival of Scandinavian speech for longer in Westmorland than in Wirral and thus reflect post Conquest developments rather than the circumstances of the initial settlements. NORNA-förlaget Akselberg, Gunnstein Saerheim, Inge 2017-06-30 Book Section NonPeerReviewed Rye, Eleanor (2017) Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland. In: Scandinavian names and naming in the medieval North-Atlantic area: proceedings of the 44th symposium of NORNA in Caen 23–25 April 2014. NORNA-rapporter (95). NORNA-förlaget, Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-7276-095-0 Place-names Old Norse Old English Middle English dialect
spellingShingle Place-names
Old Norse
Old English
Middle English dialect
Rye, Eleanor
Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland
title Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland
title_full Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland
title_fullStr Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland
title_short Quantifying the Scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of Middle English microtoponyms from Wirral and Westmorland
title_sort quantifying the scandinavian contribution to the vocabulary of middle english microtoponyms from wirral and westmorland
topic Place-names
Old Norse
Old English
Middle English dialect
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50643/