Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: There is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. Methods and findings: Two authors selected studies, extracted da...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2018
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49868/ |
| _version_ | 1848798098368757760 |
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| author | Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa Ierodiakonou, Despo Jarrold, Katherine Cunha, Sergio Chivinge, Jennifer Robinson, Zoe Geoghegan, Natalie Ruparelia, Alisha Devani, Pooja Trivella, Marialena Leonardi-Bee, Jo Boyle, Robert J. |
| author_facet | Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa Ierodiakonou, Despo Jarrold, Katherine Cunha, Sergio Chivinge, Jennifer Robinson, Zoe Geoghegan, Natalie Ruparelia, Alisha Devani, Pooja Trivella, Marialena Leonardi-Bee, Jo Boyle, Robert J. |
| author_sort | Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: There is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.
Methods and findings: Two authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.
Conclusions: Our findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and fish oil supplementation may reduce risk of eczema and allergic sensitisation to food, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:14:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-49868 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:14:22Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-498682018-03-05T15:15:53Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49868/ Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa Ierodiakonou, Despo Jarrold, Katherine Cunha, Sergio Chivinge, Jennifer Robinson, Zoe Geoghegan, Natalie Ruparelia, Alisha Devani, Pooja Trivella, Marialena Leonardi-Bee, Jo Boyle, Robert J. Background: There is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. Methods and findings: Two authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy. Conclusions: Our findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and fish oil supplementation may reduce risk of eczema and allergic sensitisation to food, respectively. Public Library of Science 2018-02-28 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49868/16/journal.pmed.1002507.pdf Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa, Ierodiakonou, Despo, Jarrold, Katherine, Cunha, Sergio, Chivinge, Jennifer, Robinson, Zoe, Geoghegan, Natalie, Ruparelia, Alisha, Devani, Pooja, Trivella, Marialena, Leonardi-Bee, Jo and Boyle, Robert J. (2018) Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Medicine, 15 (2). e1002507/1-e1002507/25. ISSN 1549-1676 Dietary intake; Maternal; Pregnancy; Infant; Respiratory; Allergic; Eczema; Wheeze; Asthma; Food allergy; Autoimmune diseases; Public health; Prevention; Probiotics; Fatty acids http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507 |
| spellingShingle | Dietary intake; Maternal; Pregnancy; Infant; Respiratory; Allergic; Eczema; Wheeze; Asthma; Food allergy; Autoimmune diseases; Public health; Prevention; Probiotics; Fatty acids Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa Ierodiakonou, Despo Jarrold, Katherine Cunha, Sergio Chivinge, Jennifer Robinson, Zoe Geoghegan, Natalie Ruparelia, Alisha Devani, Pooja Trivella, Marialena Leonardi-Bee, Jo Boyle, Robert J. Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title | Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | diet during pregnancy and infancy, and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| topic | Dietary intake; Maternal; Pregnancy; Infant; Respiratory; Allergic; Eczema; Wheeze; Asthma; Food allergy; Autoimmune diseases; Public health; Prevention; Probiotics; Fatty acids |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49868/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49868/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49868/ |