Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family

Spiders produce multiple silks with different physical properties that allow them to occupy a diverse range of ecological niches, including the underwater environment. Despite this functional diversity, past molecular analyses show a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity between C-terminal r...

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Main Authors: Strickland, Michelle, Tudorica, Victor, Řezáč, Milan, Thomas, Neil R., Goodacre, Sara L.
Format: Article
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49822/
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author Strickland, Michelle
Tudorica, Victor
Řezáč, Milan
Thomas, Neil R.
Goodacre, Sara L.
author_facet Strickland, Michelle
Tudorica, Victor
Řezáč, Milan
Thomas, Neil R.
Goodacre, Sara L.
author_sort Strickland, Michelle
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Spiders produce multiple silks with different physical properties that allow them to occupy a diverse range of ecological niches, including the underwater environment. Despite this functional diversity, past molecular analyses show a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity between C-terminal regions of silk genes that appear to be independent of the physical properties of the resulting silks; instead, this domain is crucial to the formation of silk fibres. Here we present an analysis of the C-terminal domain of all known types of spider silk and include silk sequences from the spider Argyroneta aquatica, which spins the majority of its silk underwater. Our work indicates that spiders have retained a highly conserved mechanism of silk assembly, despite the extraordinary diversification of species, silk types and applications of silk over 350 million years. Sequence analysis of the silk C-terminal domain across the entire gene family shows the conservation of two uncommon amino acids that are implicated in the formation of a salt bridge, a functional bond essential to protein assembly. This conservation extends to the novel sequences isolated from A. aquatica. This finding is relevant to research regarding the artificial synthesis of spider silk, suggesting that synthesis of all silk types will be possible using a single process.
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spelling nottingham-498222020-05-04T19:32:35Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49822/ Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family Strickland, Michelle Tudorica, Victor Řezáč, Milan Thomas, Neil R. Goodacre, Sara L. Spiders produce multiple silks with different physical properties that allow them to occupy a diverse range of ecological niches, including the underwater environment. Despite this functional diversity, past molecular analyses show a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity between C-terminal regions of silk genes that appear to be independent of the physical properties of the resulting silks; instead, this domain is crucial to the formation of silk fibres. Here we present an analysis of the C-terminal domain of all known types of spider silk and include silk sequences from the spider Argyroneta aquatica, which spins the majority of its silk underwater. Our work indicates that spiders have retained a highly conserved mechanism of silk assembly, despite the extraordinary diversification of species, silk types and applications of silk over 350 million years. Sequence analysis of the silk C-terminal domain across the entire gene family shows the conservation of two uncommon amino acids that are implicated in the formation of a salt bridge, a functional bond essential to protein assembly. This conservation extends to the novel sequences isolated from A. aquatica. This finding is relevant to research regarding the artificial synthesis of spider silk, suggesting that synthesis of all silk types will be possible using a single process. Nature Publishing Group 2018-02-15 Article PeerReviewed Strickland, Michelle, Tudorica, Victor, Řezáč, Milan, Thomas, Neil R. and Goodacre, Sara L. (2018) Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family. Nature . ISSN 1476-4687 Spider silk Synthetic silk pH-bridge Argyroneta aquatica https://www.nature.com/articles/s41437-018-0050-9 doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0050-9 doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0050-9
spellingShingle Spider silk
Synthetic silk
pH-bridge
Argyroneta aquatica
Strickland, Michelle
Tudorica, Victor
Řezáč, Milan
Thomas, Neil R.
Goodacre, Sara L.
Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family
title Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family
title_full Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family
title_fullStr Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family
title_full_unstemmed Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family
title_short Conservation of a pH-sensitive structure in the C-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family
title_sort conservation of a ph-sensitive structure in the c-terminal region of spider silk extends across the entire silk gene family
topic Spider silk
Synthetic silk
pH-bridge
Argyroneta aquatica
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49822/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49822/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49822/