Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India
Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides-borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect-borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and h...
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Wiley
2017
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| author | Reddy, Y. Vishnuvardhan Susmitha, B. Patil, S. Krishnajyothi, Yadlapati Putty, Kalyani Ramakrishna, K.V. Sunitha, G. Devi, B.V. Kavitha, K. Deepthi, B. Krovvidi, S. Reddy, Y.N. Reddy, G. Hanmanth Singh, K.P. Maan, Narender Singh Hemadri, D. Maan, S. Mertens, P.P. Hegde, N.R. Rao, P.P. |
| author_facet | Reddy, Y. Vishnuvardhan Susmitha, B. Patil, S. Krishnajyothi, Yadlapati Putty, Kalyani Ramakrishna, K.V. Sunitha, G. Devi, B.V. Kavitha, K. Deepthi, B. Krovvidi, S. Reddy, Y.N. Reddy, G. Hanmanth Singh, K.P. Maan, Narender Singh Hemadri, D. Maan, S. Mertens, P.P. Hegde, N.R. Rao, P.P. |
| author_sort | Reddy, Y. Vishnuvardhan |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides-borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect-borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography-based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV-4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV-4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg-2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV-4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV-4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:08:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-48154 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:08:07Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-481542020-05-04T19:17:08Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48154/ Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India Reddy, Y. Vishnuvardhan Susmitha, B. Patil, S. Krishnajyothi, Yadlapati Putty, Kalyani Ramakrishna, K.V. Sunitha, G. Devi, B.V. Kavitha, K. Deepthi, B. Krovvidi, S. Reddy, Y.N. Reddy, G. Hanmanth Singh, K.P. Maan, Narender Singh Hemadri, D. Maan, S. Mertens, P.P. Hegde, N.R. Rao, P.P. Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides-borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect-borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography-based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV-4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV-4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg-2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV-4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV-4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population. Wiley 2017-11-09 Article PeerReviewed Reddy, Y. Vishnuvardhan, Susmitha, B., Patil, S., Krishnajyothi, Yadlapati, Putty, Kalyani, Ramakrishna, K.V., Sunitha, G., Devi, B.V., Kavitha, K., Deepthi, B., Krovvidi, S., Reddy, Y.N., Reddy, G. Hanmanth, Singh, K.P., Maan, Narender Singh, Hemadri, D., Maan, S., Mertens, P.P., Hegde, N.R. and Rao, P.P. (2017) Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases . ISSN 1865-1682 Australasia; Bluetongue; Bluetongue virus BTV-4; India; Isolation; RT–PCR; Sequencing; Typing https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12738 doi:10.1111/tbed.12738 doi:10.1111/tbed.12738 |
| spellingShingle | Australasia; Bluetongue; Bluetongue virus BTV-4; India; Isolation; RT–PCR; Sequencing; Typing Reddy, Y. Vishnuvardhan Susmitha, B. Patil, S. Krishnajyothi, Yadlapati Putty, Kalyani Ramakrishna, K.V. Sunitha, G. Devi, B.V. Kavitha, K. Deepthi, B. Krovvidi, S. Reddy, Y.N. Reddy, G. Hanmanth Singh, K.P. Maan, Narender Singh Hemadri, D. Maan, S. Mertens, P.P. Hegde, N.R. Rao, P.P. Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India |
| title | Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India |
| title_full | Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India |
| title_fullStr | Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India |
| title_short | Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India |
| title_sort | isolation and evolutionary analysis of australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from india |
| topic | Australasia; Bluetongue; Bluetongue virus BTV-4; India; Isolation; RT–PCR; Sequencing; Typing |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48154/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48154/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48154/ |