NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations
Experimental near edge X–ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra are reported for 12 ionic liquids (ILs) encompassing a range of chemical structures for both the sulfur 1s and nitrogen 1s edges and compared with time–dependent density functional theory (TD–DFT) calculations. The energy scales...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Royal Society of Chemistry
2017
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48027/ |
| _version_ | 1848797674962157568 |
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| author | Fogarty, Richard M. Matthews, Richard P. Clough, Matthew T. Ashworth, Claire R. Brandt, Agnieszka Corbett, Paul J. Palgrave, Robert G. Bourne, Richard A. Chamberlain, Thomas W. Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom Thompson, Paul B.J. Hunt, Patricia A. Besley, Nicholas A. Lovelock, Kevin R.J. |
| author_facet | Fogarty, Richard M. Matthews, Richard P. Clough, Matthew T. Ashworth, Claire R. Brandt, Agnieszka Corbett, Paul J. Palgrave, Robert G. Bourne, Richard A. Chamberlain, Thomas W. Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom Thompson, Paul B.J. Hunt, Patricia A. Besley, Nicholas A. Lovelock, Kevin R.J. |
| author_sort | Fogarty, Richard M. |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Experimental near edge X–ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra are reported for 12 ionic liquids (ILs) encompassing a range of chemical structures for both the sulfur 1s and nitrogen 1s edges and compared with time–dependent density functional theory (TD–DFT) calculations. The energy scales for the experimental data were carefully calibrated against literature data. Gas phase calculations were performed on lone ions, ion pairs and ion pair dimers, with a wide range of ion pair conformers considered. For the first time, it is demonstrated that TD–DFT is a suitable method for simulating NEXAFS spectra of ILs, although the number of ions included in the calculations and their conformations are important considerations. For most of the ILs studied, calculations on lone ions in the gas phase were sufficient to successfully reproduce the experimental NEXAFS spectra. However, for certain ILs – for example, those containing a protic ammonium cation –calculations on ion pairs were required to obtain a good agreement with experimental spectra. Furthermore, significant conformational dependence was observed for the protic ammonium ILs, providing insight into the predominant liquid phase cation–anion interactions. Among the 12 investigated ILs, we find that four have an excited state that is delocalised across both the cation and the anion, which has implications for any process that depends upon the excited state, for example, radiolysis. Considering the collective experimental and theoretical data, we recommend that ion pairs should be the minimum number of ions used for the calculations of NEXAFS spectra of ILs. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:07:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-48027 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:07:38Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-480272020-05-04T19:16:18Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48027/ NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations Fogarty, Richard M. Matthews, Richard P. Clough, Matthew T. Ashworth, Claire R. Brandt, Agnieszka Corbett, Paul J. Palgrave, Robert G. Bourne, Richard A. Chamberlain, Thomas W. Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom Thompson, Paul B.J. Hunt, Patricia A. Besley, Nicholas A. Lovelock, Kevin R.J. Experimental near edge X–ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra are reported for 12 ionic liquids (ILs) encompassing a range of chemical structures for both the sulfur 1s and nitrogen 1s edges and compared with time–dependent density functional theory (TD–DFT) calculations. The energy scales for the experimental data were carefully calibrated against literature data. Gas phase calculations were performed on lone ions, ion pairs and ion pair dimers, with a wide range of ion pair conformers considered. For the first time, it is demonstrated that TD–DFT is a suitable method for simulating NEXAFS spectra of ILs, although the number of ions included in the calculations and their conformations are important considerations. For most of the ILs studied, calculations on lone ions in the gas phase were sufficient to successfully reproduce the experimental NEXAFS spectra. However, for certain ILs – for example, those containing a protic ammonium cation –calculations on ion pairs were required to obtain a good agreement with experimental spectra. Furthermore, significant conformational dependence was observed for the protic ammonium ILs, providing insight into the predominant liquid phase cation–anion interactions. Among the 12 investigated ILs, we find that four have an excited state that is delocalised across both the cation and the anion, which has implications for any process that depends upon the excited state, for example, radiolysis. Considering the collective experimental and theoretical data, we recommend that ion pairs should be the minimum number of ions used for the calculations of NEXAFS spectra of ILs. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017-11-06 Article PeerReviewed Fogarty, Richard M., Matthews, Richard P., Clough, Matthew T., Ashworth, Claire R., Brandt, Agnieszka, Corbett, Paul J., Palgrave, Robert G., Bourne, Richard A., Chamberlain, Thomas W., Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom, Thompson, Paul B.J., Hunt, Patricia A., Besley, Nicholas A. and Lovelock, Kevin R.J. (2017) NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics . ISSN 1463-9076 http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/cp/c7cp07143d#!divAbstract doi:10.1039/C7CP07143D doi:10.1039/C7CP07143D |
| spellingShingle | Fogarty, Richard M. Matthews, Richard P. Clough, Matthew T. Ashworth, Claire R. Brandt, Agnieszka Corbett, Paul J. Palgrave, Robert G. Bourne, Richard A. Chamberlain, Thomas W. Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom Thompson, Paul B.J. Hunt, Patricia A. Besley, Nicholas A. Lovelock, Kevin R.J. NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations |
| title | NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations |
| title_full | NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations |
| title_fullStr | NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations |
| title_full_unstemmed | NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations |
| title_short | NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations |
| title_sort | nexafs spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48027/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48027/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48027/ |