Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference

Spatio-temporal patterns of the spread of infectious diseases are commonly driven by environmental and ecological factors. This is particularly true for vector-borne diseases because vector populations can be strongly affected by host distribution as well as by climatic and landscape variables. Here...

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Main Authors: Jacquot, Maude, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Palmarini, Massimo, Mertens, Peter, Biek, Roman
Format: Article
Published: Royal Society 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47291/
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author Jacquot, Maude
Nomikou, Kyriaki
Palmarini, Massimo
Mertens, Peter
Biek, Roman
author_facet Jacquot, Maude
Nomikou, Kyriaki
Palmarini, Massimo
Mertens, Peter
Biek, Roman
author_sort Jacquot, Maude
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Spatio-temporal patterns of the spread of infectious diseases are commonly driven by environmental and ecological factors. This is particularly true for vector-borne diseases because vector populations can be strongly affected by host distribution as well as by climatic and landscape variables. Here, we aim to identify environmental drivers for bluetongue virus (BTV), the causative agent of a major vector-borne disease of ruminants that has emerged multiple times in Europe in recent decades. In order to determine the importance of climatic, landscape and host-related factors affecting BTV diffusion across Europe, we fitted different phylogeographic models to a dataset of 113 time-stamped and geo-referenced BTV genomes, representing multiple strains and serotypes. Diffusion models using continuous space revealed that terrestrial habitat below 300 m altitude, wind direction and higher livestock densities were associated with faster BTV movement. Results of discrete phylogeographic analysis involving generalized linear models broadly supported these findings, but varied considerably with the level of spatial partitioning. Contrary to common perception, we found no evidence for average temperature having a positive effect on BTV diffusion, though both methodological and biological reasons could be responsible for this result. Our study provides important insights into the drivers of BTV transmission at the landscape scale that could inform predictive models of viral spread and have implications for designing control strategies.
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spelling nottingham-472912020-05-04T19:11:38Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47291/ Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference Jacquot, Maude Nomikou, Kyriaki Palmarini, Massimo Mertens, Peter Biek, Roman Spatio-temporal patterns of the spread of infectious diseases are commonly driven by environmental and ecological factors. This is particularly true for vector-borne diseases because vector populations can be strongly affected by host distribution as well as by climatic and landscape variables. Here, we aim to identify environmental drivers for bluetongue virus (BTV), the causative agent of a major vector-borne disease of ruminants that has emerged multiple times in Europe in recent decades. In order to determine the importance of climatic, landscape and host-related factors affecting BTV diffusion across Europe, we fitted different phylogeographic models to a dataset of 113 time-stamped and geo-referenced BTV genomes, representing multiple strains and serotypes. Diffusion models using continuous space revealed that terrestrial habitat below 300 m altitude, wind direction and higher livestock densities were associated with faster BTV movement. Results of discrete phylogeographic analysis involving generalized linear models broadly supported these findings, but varied considerably with the level of spatial partitioning. Contrary to common perception, we found no evidence for average temperature having a positive effect on BTV diffusion, though both methodological and biological reasons could be responsible for this result. Our study provides important insights into the drivers of BTV transmission at the landscape scale that could inform predictive models of viral spread and have implications for designing control strategies. Royal Society 2017-10-11 Article PeerReviewed Jacquot, Maude, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Palmarini, Massimo, Mertens, Peter and Biek, Roman (2017) Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284 (1864). 20170919/1-20170919/10. ISSN 1471-2954 bluetongue phylogeography viral diffusion environmental drivers predictor testing vector-borne pathogen http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/284/1864/20170919 doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0919 doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0919
spellingShingle bluetongue
phylogeography
viral diffusion
environmental drivers
predictor testing
vector-borne pathogen
Jacquot, Maude
Nomikou, Kyriaki
Palmarini, Massimo
Mertens, Peter
Biek, Roman
Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference
title Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference
title_full Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference
title_fullStr Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference
title_full_unstemmed Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference
title_short Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference
title_sort bluetongue virus spread in europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference
topic bluetongue
phylogeography
viral diffusion
environmental drivers
predictor testing
vector-borne pathogen
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47291/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47291/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47291/