A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Objectives External Ventricular Drain (EVD) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure. EVD- related infection (ERI) is a major complication that can lead to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish a national ERI rate in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland and determine k...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMJ
2018
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47177/ |
| _version_ | 1848797482702602240 |
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| author | Jamjoom, A.A.B. Joannides, A. Poon, M. Chari, A. Zaben, M. Abdullah, M.A.H. Roach, J. Glancz, L.J. Solth, A. Duddy, J. Brennan, P.M. Bayston, Roger Bulters, D.O. Mallucci, C. Jenkinson, M.D. Gray, W.P. Kandamsay, J. Hutchinson, P.J. Kolias, A.G. Ahmed, A.I. |
| author_facet | Jamjoom, A.A.B. Joannides, A. Poon, M. Chari, A. Zaben, M. Abdullah, M.A.H. Roach, J. Glancz, L.J. Solth, A. Duddy, J. Brennan, P.M. Bayston, Roger Bulters, D.O. Mallucci, C. Jenkinson, M.D. Gray, W.P. Kandamsay, J. Hutchinson, P.J. Kolias, A.G. Ahmed, A.I. |
| author_sort | Jamjoom, A.A.B. |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Objectives
External Ventricular Drain (EVD) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure. EVD- related infection (ERI) is a major complication that can lead to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish a national ERI rate in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland and determine key factors influencing the infection risk.
Methods
A prospective multi-centre cohort study of EVD insertions in 21 neurosurgical units was performed over 6 months. The primary outcome measure was 30-day ERI. A Cox Regression Model was used for multivariate analysis to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR).
Results
A total of 495 EVD catheters were inserted into 452 patients with EVDs remaining in-situ for 4700 days (median 8 days; interquartile range 4-13). Of the catheters inserted, 188 (38%) were antibiotic-impregnated, 161 (32.5%) were plain and 146 (29.5%) were silver-bearing. A total of 46 ERIs occurred giving an infection risk of 9.3%. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that factors independently associated with increased infection risk included duration of EVD placement for ≥8 days [HR=2.47 (1.12-5.45); p=0.03], regular sampling (daily sampling [HR=4.73 (1.28-17.42), p=0.02] and alternate day sampling [HR=5.28 (2.25-12.38); p<0.01]). There was no association between catheter type or tunnelling distance and ERI.
Conclusions
In the UK and Ireland, the ERI rate was 9.3% during the study period. The study demonstrated that EVDs left in situ for ≥8 days and those sampled more frequently were associated with a higher risk of infection. Importantly, the study showed no significant difference in ERI risk between different catheter types. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:04:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-47177 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:04:35Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | BMJ |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-471772024-08-15T15:26:08Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47177/ A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland Jamjoom, A.A.B. Joannides, A. Poon, M. Chari, A. Zaben, M. Abdullah, M.A.H. Roach, J. Glancz, L.J. Solth, A. Duddy, J. Brennan, P.M. Bayston, Roger Bulters, D.O. Mallucci, C. Jenkinson, M.D. Gray, W.P. Kandamsay, J. Hutchinson, P.J. Kolias, A.G. Ahmed, A.I. Objectives External Ventricular Drain (EVD) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure. EVD- related infection (ERI) is a major complication that can lead to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish a national ERI rate in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland and determine key factors influencing the infection risk. Methods A prospective multi-centre cohort study of EVD insertions in 21 neurosurgical units was performed over 6 months. The primary outcome measure was 30-day ERI. A Cox Regression Model was used for multivariate analysis to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR). Results A total of 495 EVD catheters were inserted into 452 patients with EVDs remaining in-situ for 4700 days (median 8 days; interquartile range 4-13). Of the catheters inserted, 188 (38%) were antibiotic-impregnated, 161 (32.5%) were plain and 146 (29.5%) were silver-bearing. A total of 46 ERIs occurred giving an infection risk of 9.3%. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that factors independently associated with increased infection risk included duration of EVD placement for ≥8 days [HR=2.47 (1.12-5.45); p=0.03], regular sampling (daily sampling [HR=4.73 (1.28-17.42), p=0.02] and alternate day sampling [HR=5.28 (2.25-12.38); p<0.01]). There was no association between catheter type or tunnelling distance and ERI. Conclusions In the UK and Ireland, the ERI rate was 9.3% during the study period. The study demonstrated that EVDs left in situ for ≥8 days and those sampled more frequently were associated with a higher risk of infection. Importantly, the study showed no significant difference in ERI risk between different catheter types. BMJ 2018-01-15 Article PeerReviewed Jamjoom, A.A.B., Joannides, A., Poon, M., Chari, A., Zaben, M., Abdullah, M.A.H., Roach, J., Glancz, L.J., Solth, A., Duddy, J., Brennan, P.M., Bayston, Roger, Bulters, D.O., Mallucci, C., Jenkinson, M.D., Gray, W.P., Kandamsay, J., Hutchinson, P.J., Kolias, A.G. and Ahmed, A.I. (2018) A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 89 . pp. 120-126. ISSN 1468-330X External ventricular drainage Infection Impregnated catheter Multi centre study http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/89/2/120.info doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316415 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316415 |
| spellingShingle | External ventricular drainage Infection Impregnated catheter Multi centre study Jamjoom, A.A.B. Joannides, A. Poon, M. Chari, A. Zaben, M. Abdullah, M.A.H. Roach, J. Glancz, L.J. Solth, A. Duddy, J. Brennan, P.M. Bayston, Roger Bulters, D.O. Mallucci, C. Jenkinson, M.D. Gray, W.P. Kandamsay, J. Hutchinson, P.J. Kolias, A.G. Ahmed, A.I. A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland |
| title | A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland |
| title_full | A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland |
| title_fullStr | A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland |
| title_full_unstemmed | A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland |
| title_short | A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland |
| title_sort | prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the united kingdom and ireland |
| topic | External ventricular drainage Infection Impregnated catheter Multi centre study |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47177/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47177/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47177/ |