Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age
BACKGROUND. The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined. METHODS. To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and older (nonsarcopenic; 65–75 years; n = 17) individuals to...
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| Format: | Article |
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American Society for Clinical Investigation
2017
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46430/ |
| _version_ | 1848797325211729920 |
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| author | Phillips, Bethan E. Williams, John P. Greenhaff, Paul L. Smith, Kenneth Atherton, Philip J. |
| author_facet | Phillips, Bethan E. Williams, John P. Greenhaff, Paul L. Smith, Kenneth Atherton, Philip J. |
| author_sort | Phillips, Bethan E. |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | BACKGROUND. The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined.
METHODS. To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and older (nonsarcopenic; 65–75 years; n = 17) individuals to a cross-sectional intervention study. All subjects participated in 20 weeks of fully supervised whole-body progressive RE-T, undergoing assessment of body composition, muscle and vascular function, and metabolic health biomarkers before and after RE-T. Individuals also received stable isotope tracer infusions to ascertain muscle protein synthesis (MPS).
RESULTS. There was an age-related increase in adiposity, but only young and middle-age groups demonstrated reductions following RE-T. Increases in blood pressure with age were attenuated by RE-T in middle-aged, but not older, individuals, while age-related increases in leg vascular conductance were unaffected by RE-T. The index of insulin sensitivity was reduced by RE-T in older age. Despite being matched at baseline, only younger individuals increased muscle mass in response to RE-T, and there existed a negative correlation between age and muscle growth; in contrast, increases in mechanical quality were preserved across ages. Acute increases in MPS (upon feeding plus acute RE-T) were enhanced only in younger individuals, perhaps explaining greater hypertrophy.
CONCLUSION. Our data indicate that RE-T offsets some, but not all, negative characteristics of ageing — some of which are apparent in midlife. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:02:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-46430 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:02:05Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | American Society for Clinical Investigation |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-464302020-05-04T19:04:57Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46430/ Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age Phillips, Bethan E. Williams, John P. Greenhaff, Paul L. Smith, Kenneth Atherton, Philip J. BACKGROUND. The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined. METHODS. To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and older (nonsarcopenic; 65–75 years; n = 17) individuals to a cross-sectional intervention study. All subjects participated in 20 weeks of fully supervised whole-body progressive RE-T, undergoing assessment of body composition, muscle and vascular function, and metabolic health biomarkers before and after RE-T. Individuals also received stable isotope tracer infusions to ascertain muscle protein synthesis (MPS). RESULTS. There was an age-related increase in adiposity, but only young and middle-age groups demonstrated reductions following RE-T. Increases in blood pressure with age were attenuated by RE-T in middle-aged, but not older, individuals, while age-related increases in leg vascular conductance were unaffected by RE-T. The index of insulin sensitivity was reduced by RE-T in older age. Despite being matched at baseline, only younger individuals increased muscle mass in response to RE-T, and there existed a negative correlation between age and muscle growth; in contrast, increases in mechanical quality were preserved across ages. Acute increases in MPS (upon feeding plus acute RE-T) were enhanced only in younger individuals, perhaps explaining greater hypertrophy. CONCLUSION. Our data indicate that RE-T offsets some, but not all, negative characteristics of ageing — some of which are apparent in midlife. American Society for Clinical Investigation 2017-09-07 Article PeerReviewed Phillips, Bethan E., Williams, John P., Greenhaff, Paul L., Smith, Kenneth and Atherton, Philip J. (2017) Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age. JCI Insight, 2 (17). ISSN 2379-3708 https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/95581 doi:10.1172/jci.insight.95581 doi:10.1172/jci.insight.95581 |
| spellingShingle | Phillips, Bethan E. Williams, John P. Greenhaff, Paul L. Smith, Kenneth Atherton, Philip J. Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age |
| title | Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age |
| title_full | Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age |
| title_fullStr | Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age |
| title_short | Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age |
| title_sort | physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46430/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46430/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46430/ |