Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy
In this work, an investigation of soot-in-oil samples drawn from the oil sump of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was carried out. Soot particulate was characterised in terms of size, distribution and shape of the agglomerates, and internal structure of the primary particles. The test engine...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2015
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44145/ |
| _version_ | 1848796847422832640 |
|---|---|
| author | La Rocca, A. Bonatesta, F. Fay, M.W. Campanella, F. |
| author_facet | La Rocca, A. Bonatesta, F. Fay, M.W. Campanella, F. |
| author_sort | La Rocca, A. |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this work, an investigation of soot-in-oil samples drawn from the oil sump of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was carried out. Soot particulate was characterised in terms of size, distribution and shape of the agglomerates, and internal structure of the primary particles. The test engine was a 1.6l modern light-duty EURO IV engine operated at speed between 1600 and 3700rev/min, and torque between 30and120Nm.After a double oil-flushing procedure the engine was operated for 30h. Oil samples were drawn from the sump and prepared for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High resolution TEM analysis (HRTEM) by a combination of solvent extraction, centrifugation and diethyl ether bathing. Soot agglomerates were measured in terms of their skeleton length and width, and fractal dimension. The mean skeleton length and width were 153nm and 59nm respectively. The fractal dimension was calculated using an iterative method and the mean value was found to be 1.44. The primary particles were found to be spherical in shape with some irregularities and presented an average diameter of 36nm with a mode of 32nm and standard deviation of 13nm.The majority of particles showed an inner core and outer shell similar to diesel soot, although an amorphous layer was also clearly visible. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:54:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-44145 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:54:29Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-441452020-05-04T17:09:37Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44145/ Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy La Rocca, A. Bonatesta, F. Fay, M.W. Campanella, F. In this work, an investigation of soot-in-oil samples drawn from the oil sump of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was carried out. Soot particulate was characterised in terms of size, distribution and shape of the agglomerates, and internal structure of the primary particles. The test engine was a 1.6l modern light-duty EURO IV engine operated at speed between 1600 and 3700rev/min, and torque between 30and120Nm.After a double oil-flushing procedure the engine was operated for 30h. Oil samples were drawn from the sump and prepared for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High resolution TEM analysis (HRTEM) by a combination of solvent extraction, centrifugation and diethyl ether bathing. Soot agglomerates were measured in terms of their skeleton length and width, and fractal dimension. The mean skeleton length and width were 153nm and 59nm respectively. The fractal dimension was calculated using an iterative method and the mean value was found to be 1.44. The primary particles were found to be spherical in shape with some irregularities and presented an average diameter of 36nm with a mode of 32nm and standard deviation of 13nm.The majority of particles showed an inner core and outer shell similar to diesel soot, although an amorphous layer was also clearly visible. Elsevier 2015-06-30 Article PeerReviewed La Rocca, A., Bonatesta, F., Fay, M.W. and Campanella, F. (2015) Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Tribology International, 86 . pp. 77-84. ISSN 0301-679X Gasoline soot; Lubrication oil; Nanoparticles; Transmission Electron Microscopy http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301679X15000432?via%3Dihub doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.01.025 doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.01.025 |
| spellingShingle | Gasoline soot; Lubrication oil; Nanoparticles; Transmission Electron Microscopy La Rocca, A. Bonatesta, F. Fay, M.W. Campanella, F. Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| title | Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| title_full | Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| title_fullStr | Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| title_short | Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| title_sort | characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using transmission electron microscopy |
| topic | Gasoline soot; Lubrication oil; Nanoparticles; Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44145/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44145/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44145/ |