nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes
We examine subhaloes and galaxies residing in a simulated Λ cold dark matter galaxy cluster (Mcrit200=1.1×1015h−1M⊙) produced by hydrodynamical codes ranging from classic smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), newer SPH codes, adaptive and moving mesh codes. These codes use subgrid models to capture g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Oxford University Press
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42483/ |
| _version_ | 1848796496756998144 |
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| author | Elahi, Pascal J. Knebe, Alexander Pearce, Frazer R. Power, Chris Yepes, Gustavo Cui, Weiguang Cunnama, Daniel Kay, Scott T. Sembolini, Federico Beck, Alexander M. Davé, Romeel February, Sean Huang, Shuiyao Katz, Neal McCarthy, Ian G. Murante, Giuseppe Perret, Valentin Puchwein, Ewald Saro, Alexandro Teyssier, Romain |
| author_facet | Elahi, Pascal J. Knebe, Alexander Pearce, Frazer R. Power, Chris Yepes, Gustavo Cui, Weiguang Cunnama, Daniel Kay, Scott T. Sembolini, Federico Beck, Alexander M. Davé, Romeel February, Sean Huang, Shuiyao Katz, Neal McCarthy, Ian G. Murante, Giuseppe Perret, Valentin Puchwein, Ewald Saro, Alexandro Teyssier, Romain |
| author_sort | Elahi, Pascal J. |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | We examine subhaloes and galaxies residing in a simulated Λ cold dark matter galaxy cluster (Mcrit200=1.1×1015h−1M⊙) produced by hydrodynamical codes ranging from classic smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), newer SPH codes, adaptive and moving mesh codes. These codes use subgrid models to capture galaxy formation physics. We compare how well these codes reproduce the same subhaloes/galaxies in gravity-only, non-radiative hydrodynamics and full feedback physics runs by looking at the overall subhalo/galaxy distribution and on an individual object basis. We find that the subhalo population is reproduced to within ≲10 per cent for both dark matter only and non-radiative runs, with individual objects showing code-to-code scatter of ≲0.1 dex, although the gas in non-radiative simulations shows significant scatter. Including feedback physics significantly increases the diversity. Subhalo mass and Vmax distributions vary by ≈20 per cent. The galaxy populations also show striking code-to-code variations. Although the Tully–Fisher relation is similar in almost all codes, the number of galaxies with 109 h− 1 M⊙ ≲ M* ≲ 1012 h− 1 M⊙ can differ by a factor of 4. Individual galaxies show code-to-code scatter of ∼0.5 dex in stellar mass. Moreover, systematic differences exist, with some codes producing galaxies 70 per cent smaller than others. The diversity partially arises from the inclusion/absence of active galactic nucleus feedback. Our results combined with our companion papers demonstrate that subgrid physics is not just subject to fine-tuning, but the complexity of building galaxies in all environments remains a challenge. We argue that even basic galaxy properties, such as stellar mass to halo mass, should be treated with errors bars of ∼0.2–0.4 dex. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:48:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-42483 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:48:55Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-424832020-05-04T17:42:05Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42483/ nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes Elahi, Pascal J. Knebe, Alexander Pearce, Frazer R. Power, Chris Yepes, Gustavo Cui, Weiguang Cunnama, Daniel Kay, Scott T. Sembolini, Federico Beck, Alexander M. Davé, Romeel February, Sean Huang, Shuiyao Katz, Neal McCarthy, Ian G. Murante, Giuseppe Perret, Valentin Puchwein, Ewald Saro, Alexandro Teyssier, Romain We examine subhaloes and galaxies residing in a simulated Λ cold dark matter galaxy cluster (Mcrit200=1.1×1015h−1M⊙) produced by hydrodynamical codes ranging from classic smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), newer SPH codes, adaptive and moving mesh codes. These codes use subgrid models to capture galaxy formation physics. We compare how well these codes reproduce the same subhaloes/galaxies in gravity-only, non-radiative hydrodynamics and full feedback physics runs by looking at the overall subhalo/galaxy distribution and on an individual object basis. We find that the subhalo population is reproduced to within ≲10 per cent for both dark matter only and non-radiative runs, with individual objects showing code-to-code scatter of ≲0.1 dex, although the gas in non-radiative simulations shows significant scatter. Including feedback physics significantly increases the diversity. Subhalo mass and Vmax distributions vary by ≈20 per cent. The galaxy populations also show striking code-to-code variations. Although the Tully–Fisher relation is similar in almost all codes, the number of galaxies with 109 h− 1 M⊙ ≲ M* ≲ 1012 h− 1 M⊙ can differ by a factor of 4. Individual galaxies show code-to-code scatter of ∼0.5 dex in stellar mass. Moreover, systematic differences exist, with some codes producing galaxies 70 per cent smaller than others. The diversity partially arises from the inclusion/absence of active galactic nucleus feedback. Our results combined with our companion papers demonstrate that subgrid physics is not just subject to fine-tuning, but the complexity of building galaxies in all environments remains a challenge. We argue that even basic galaxy properties, such as stellar mass to halo mass, should be treated with errors bars of ∼0.2–0.4 dex. Oxford University Press 2016-03-11 Article PeerReviewed Elahi, Pascal J., Knebe, Alexander, Pearce, Frazer R., Power, Chris, Yepes, Gustavo, Cui, Weiguang, Cunnama, Daniel, Kay, Scott T., Sembolini, Federico, Beck, Alexander M., Davé, Romeel, February, Sean, Huang, Shuiyao, Katz, Neal, McCarthy, Ian G., Murante, Giuseppe, Perret, Valentin, Puchwein, Ewald, Saro, Alexandro and Teyssier, Romain (2016) nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 458 (1). pp. 1096-1116. ISSN 1365-2966 methods: numerical galaxies: clusters: general dark matter https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/mnras/stw338 doi:10.1093/mnras/stw338 doi:10.1093/mnras/stw338 |
| spellingShingle | methods: numerical galaxies: clusters: general dark matter Elahi, Pascal J. Knebe, Alexander Pearce, Frazer R. Power, Chris Yepes, Gustavo Cui, Weiguang Cunnama, Daniel Kay, Scott T. Sembolini, Federico Beck, Alexander M. Davé, Romeel February, Sean Huang, Shuiyao Katz, Neal McCarthy, Ian G. Murante, Giuseppe Perret, Valentin Puchwein, Ewald Saro, Alexandro Teyssier, Romain nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes |
| title | nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes |
| title_full | nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes |
| title_fullStr | nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes |
| title_full_unstemmed | nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes |
| title_short | nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations – III. The similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes |
| title_sort | nifty galaxy cluster simulations – iii. the similarity and diversity of galaxies and subhaloes |
| topic | methods: numerical galaxies: clusters: general dark matter |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42483/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42483/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42483/ |