Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB

We test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies using observations made by the Planck satellite. Our results are based mainly on the full Planck mission for temperature, but also include some polarization measurements. In particular, we consider...

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Main Authors:	Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Aluri, P.K., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R.C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J.-F., Casaponsa, B., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, H.C., Christensen, P.R., Church, S., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Combet, C., Contreras, D., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cruz, M., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Fantaye, Y., Fergusson, J., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A.A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Gauthier, C., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gjerløw, E., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J.E., Hansen, F.K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D.L., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huang, Z., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A.H., Jaffe, T.R., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kim, J., Kisner, T.S., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C.R., Leonardi, R., Lesgourgues, J., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vørnle, M., Liu, H., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macías-Pérez, J.F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marinucci, D., Maris, M., Martin, P.G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mikkelsen, K., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Moss, Adam, Munshi, D., Murphy, J.A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Oxborrow, C.A., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Pant, N., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G.W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rotti, A., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, E.P.S., Souradeep, T., Spencer, L.D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Trombetti, T., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Wehus, I.K., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zibin, J.P., Zonca, A.
Format:	Article
Published:	EDP Sciences 2016
Subjects:	cosmology: observations; cosmic background radiation; polarization; methods: data analysis; methods: statistical
Online Access:	https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42446/

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author	Ade, P.A.R. Aghanim, N. Akrami, Y. Aluri, P.K. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, M. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A.J. Barreiro, R.B. Bartolo, N. Basak, S. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoît, A. Benoit-Lévy, A. Bernard, J.-P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bock, J.J. Bonaldi, A. Bonavera, L. Bond, J.R. Borrill, J. Bouchet, F.R. Boulanger, F. Bucher, M. Burigana, C. Butler, R.C. Calabrese, E. Cardoso, J.-F. Casaponsa, B. Catalano, A. Challinor, A. Chamballu, A. Chiang, H.C. Christensen, P.R. Church, S. Clements, D.L. Colombi, S. Colombo, L.P.L. Combet, C. Contreras, D. Couchot, F. Coulais, A. Crill, B.P. Cruz, M. Curto, A. Cuttaia, F. Danese, L. Davies, R.D. Davis, R.J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Désert, F.-X. Diego, J.M. Dole, H. Donzelli, S. Doré, O. Douspis, M. Ducout, A. Dupac, X. Efstathiou, G. Elsner, F. Enßlin, T.A. Eriksen, H.K. Fantaye, Y. Fergusson, J. Fernandez-Cobos, R. Finelli, F. Forni, O. Frailis, M. Fraisse, A.A. Franceschi, E. Frejsel, A. Frolov, A. Galeotta, S. Galli, S. Ganga, K. Gauthier, C. Ghosh, T. Giard, M. Giraud-Héraud, Y. Gjerløw, E. González-Nuevo, J. Górski, K.M. Gratton, S. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Gudmundsson, J.E. Hansen, F.K. Hanson, D. Harrison, D.L. Henrot-Versillé, S. Hernández-Monteagudo, C. Herranz, D. Hildebrandt, S.R. Hivon, E. Hobson, M. Holmes, W.A. Hornstrup, A. Hovest, W. Huang, Z. Huffenberger, K.M. Hurier, G. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T.R. Jones, W.C. Juvela, M. Keihänen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kim, J. Kisner, T.S. Knoche, J. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lagache, G. Lähteenmäki, A. Lamarre, J.-M. Lasenby, A. Lattanzi, M. Lawrence, C.R. Leonardi, R. Lesgourgues, J. Levrier, F. Liguori, M. Lilje, P.B. Linden-Vørnle, M. Liu, H. López-Caniego, M. Lubin, P.M. Macías-Pérez, J.F. Maggio, G. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Mangilli, A. Marinucci, D. Maris, M. Martin, P.G. Martínez-González, E. Masi, S. Matarrese, S. McGehee, P. Meinhold, P.R. Melchiorri, A. Mendes, L. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Mikkelsen, K. Mitra, S. Miville-Deschênes, M.-A. Molinari, D. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mortlock, D. Moss, Adam Munshi, D. Murphy, J.A. Naselsky, P. Nati, F. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C.B. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. Oxborrow, C.A. Paci, F. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Pant, N. Paoletti, D. Pasian, F. Patanchon, G. Pearson, T.J. Perdereau, O. Perotto, L. Perrotta, F. Pettorino, V. Piacentini, F. Piat, M. Pierpaoli, E. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Popa, L. Pratt, G.W. Prézeau, G. Prunet, S. Puget, J.-L. Rachen, J.P. Rebolo, R. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Renault, C. Renzi, A. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Rosset, C. Rossetti, M. Rotti, A. Roudier, G. Rubiño-Martín, J.A. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Santos, D. Savelainen, M. Savini, G. Scott, D. Seiffert, M.D. Shellard, E.P.S. Souradeep, T. Spencer, L.D. Stolyarov, V. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, R. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A.-S. Sygnet, J.-F. Tauber, J.A. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, L. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Trombetti, T. Tucci, M. Tuovinen, J. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Vielva, P. Villa, F. Wade, L.A. Wandelt, B.D. Wehus, I.K. Yvon, D. Zacchei, A. Zibin, J.P. Zonca, A.
author_facet	Ade, P.A.R. Aghanim, N. Akrami, Y. Aluri, P.K. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, M. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A.J. Barreiro, R.B. Bartolo, N. Basak, S. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoît, A. Benoit-Lévy, A. Bernard, J.-P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bock, J.J. Bonaldi, A. Bonavera, L. Bond, J.R. Borrill, J. Bouchet, F.R. Boulanger, F. Bucher, M. Burigana, C. Butler, R.C. Calabrese, E. Cardoso, J.-F. Casaponsa, B. Catalano, A. Challinor, A. Chamballu, A. Chiang, H.C. Christensen, P.R. Church, S. Clements, D.L. Colombi, S. Colombo, L.P.L. Combet, C. Contreras, D. Couchot, F. Coulais, A. Crill, B.P. Cruz, M. Curto, A. Cuttaia, F. Danese, L. Davies, R.D. Davis, R.J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Désert, F.-X. Diego, J.M. Dole, H. Donzelli, S. Doré, O. Douspis, M. Ducout, A. Dupac, X. Efstathiou, G. Elsner, F. Enßlin, T.A. Eriksen, H.K. Fantaye, Y. Fergusson, J. Fernandez-Cobos, R. Finelli, F. Forni, O. Frailis, M. Fraisse, A.A. Franceschi, E. Frejsel, A. Frolov, A. Galeotta, S. Galli, S. Ganga, K. Gauthier, C. Ghosh, T. Giard, M. Giraud-Héraud, Y. Gjerløw, E. González-Nuevo, J. Górski, K.M. Gratton, S. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Gudmundsson, J.E. Hansen, F.K. Hanson, D. Harrison, D.L. Henrot-Versillé, S. Hernández-Monteagudo, C. Herranz, D. Hildebrandt, S.R. Hivon, E. Hobson, M. Holmes, W.A. Hornstrup, A. Hovest, W. Huang, Z. Huffenberger, K.M. Hurier, G. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T.R. Jones, W.C. Juvela, M. Keihänen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kim, J. Kisner, T.S. Knoche, J. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lagache, G. Lähteenmäki, A. Lamarre, J.-M. Lasenby, A. Lattanzi, M. Lawrence, C.R. Leonardi, R. Lesgourgues, J. Levrier, F. Liguori, M. Lilje, P.B. Linden-Vørnle, M. Liu, H. López-Caniego, M. Lubin, P.M. Macías-Pérez, J.F. Maggio, G. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Mangilli, A. Marinucci, D. Maris, M. Martin, P.G. Martínez-González, E. Masi, S. Matarrese, S. McGehee, P. Meinhold, P.R. Melchiorri, A. Mendes, L. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Mikkelsen, K. Mitra, S. Miville-Deschênes, M.-A. Molinari, D. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mortlock, D. Moss, Adam Munshi, D. Murphy, J.A. Naselsky, P. Nati, F. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C.B. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. Oxborrow, C.A. Paci, F. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Pant, N. Paoletti, D. Pasian, F. Patanchon, G. Pearson, T.J. Perdereau, O. Perotto, L. Perrotta, F. Pettorino, V. Piacentini, F. Piat, M. Pierpaoli, E. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Popa, L. Pratt, G.W. Prézeau, G. Prunet, S. Puget, J.-L. Rachen, J.P. Rebolo, R. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Renault, C. Renzi, A. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Rosset, C. Rossetti, M. Rotti, A. Roudier, G. Rubiño-Martín, J.A. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Santos, D. Savelainen, M. Savini, G. Scott, D. Seiffert, M.D. Shellard, E.P.S. Souradeep, T. Spencer, L.D. Stolyarov, V. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, R. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A.-S. Sygnet, J.-F. Tauber, J.A. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, L. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Trombetti, T. Tucci, M. Tuovinen, J. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Vielva, P. Villa, F. Wade, L.A. Wandelt, B.D. Wehus, I.K. Yvon, D. Zacchei, A. Zibin, J.P. Zonca, A.
author_sort	Ade, P.A.R.
building	Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection	Online Access
description	We test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies using observations made by the Planck satellite. Our results are based mainly on the full Planck mission for temperature, but also include some polarization measurements. In particular, we consider the CMB anisotropy maps derived from the multi-frequency Planck data by several component-separation methods. For the temperature anisotropies, we find excellent agreement between results based on these sky maps over both a very large fraction of the sky and a broad range of angular scales, establishing that potential foreground residuals do not affect our studies. Tests of skewness, kurtosis, multi-normality, N-point functions, and Minkowski functionals indicate consistency with Gaussianity, while a power deficit at large angular scales is manifested in several ways, for example low map variance. The results of a peak statistics analysis are consistent with the expectations of a Gaussian random field. The “Cold Spot” is detected with several methods, including map kurtosis, peak statistics, and mean temperature profile. We thoroughly probe the large-scale dipolar power asymmetry, detecting it with several independent tests, and address the subject of a posteriori correction. Tests of directionality suggest the presence of angular clustering from large to small scales, but at a significance that is dependent on the details of the approach. We perform the first examination of polarization data, finding the morphology of stacked peaks to be consistent with the expectations of statistically isotropic simulations. Where they overlap, these results are consistent with the Planck 2013 analysis based on the nominal mission data and provide our most thorough view of the statistics of the CMB fluctuations to date.
first_indexed	2025-11-14T19:48:47Z
format	Article
id	nottingham-42446
institution	University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
institution_category	Local University
last_indexed	2025-11-14T19:48:47Z
publishDate	2016
publisher	EDP Sciences
recordtype	eprints
repository_type	Digital Repository
spelling	nottingham-424462020-05-04T18:10:31Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42446/ Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB Ade, P.A.R. Aghanim, N. Akrami, Y. Aluri, P.K. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, M. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A.J. Barreiro, R.B. Bartolo, N. Basak, S. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoît, A. Benoit-Lévy, A. Bernard, J.-P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bock, J.J. Bonaldi, A. Bonavera, L. Bond, J.R. Borrill, J. Bouchet, F.R. Boulanger, F. Bucher, M. Burigana, C. Butler, R.C. Calabrese, E. Cardoso, J.-F. Casaponsa, B. Catalano, A. Challinor, A. Chamballu, A. Chiang, H.C. Christensen, P.R. Church, S. Clements, D.L. Colombi, S. Colombo, L.P.L. Combet, C. Contreras, D. Couchot, F. Coulais, A. Crill, B.P. Cruz, M. Curto, A. Cuttaia, F. Danese, L. Davies, R.D. Davis, R.J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Désert, F.-X. Diego, J.M. Dole, H. Donzelli, S. Doré, O. Douspis, M. Ducout, A. Dupac, X. Efstathiou, G. Elsner, F. Enßlin, T.A. Eriksen, H.K. Fantaye, Y. Fergusson, J. Fernandez-Cobos, R. Finelli, F. Forni, O. Frailis, M. Fraisse, A.A. Franceschi, E. Frejsel, A. Frolov, A. Galeotta, S. Galli, S. Ganga, K. Gauthier, C. Ghosh, T. Giard, M. Giraud-Héraud, Y. Gjerløw, E. González-Nuevo, J. Górski, K.M. Gratton, S. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Gudmundsson, J.E. Hansen, F.K. Hanson, D. Harrison, D.L. Henrot-Versillé, S. Hernández-Monteagudo, C. Herranz, D. Hildebrandt, S.R. Hivon, E. Hobson, M. Holmes, W.A. Hornstrup, A. Hovest, W. Huang, Z. Huffenberger, K.M. Hurier, G. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T.R. Jones, W.C. Juvela, M. Keihänen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kim, J. Kisner, T.S. Knoche, J. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lagache, G. Lähteenmäki, A. Lamarre, J.-M. Lasenby, A. Lattanzi, M. Lawrence, C.R. Leonardi, R. Lesgourgues, J. Levrier, F. Liguori, M. Lilje, P.B. Linden-Vørnle, M. Liu, H. López-Caniego, M. Lubin, P.M. Macías-Pérez, J.F. Maggio, G. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Mangilli, A. Marinucci, D. Maris, M. Martin, P.G. Martínez-González, E. Masi, S. Matarrese, S. McGehee, P. Meinhold, P.R. Melchiorri, A. Mendes, L. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Mikkelsen, K. Mitra, S. Miville-Deschênes, M.-A. Molinari, D. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mortlock, D. Moss, Adam Munshi, D. Murphy, J.A. Naselsky, P. Nati, F. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C.B. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. Oxborrow, C.A. Paci, F. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Pant, N. Paoletti, D. Pasian, F. Patanchon, G. Pearson, T.J. Perdereau, O. Perotto, L. Perrotta, F. Pettorino, V. Piacentini, F. Piat, M. Pierpaoli, E. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Popa, L. Pratt, G.W. Prézeau, G. Prunet, S. Puget, J.-L. Rachen, J.P. Rebolo, R. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Renault, C. Renzi, A. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Rosset, C. Rossetti, M. Rotti, A. Roudier, G. Rubiño-Martín, J.A. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Santos, D. Savelainen, M. Savini, G. Scott, D. Seiffert, M.D. Shellard, E.P.S. Souradeep, T. Spencer, L.D. Stolyarov, V. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, R. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A.-S. Sygnet, J.-F. Tauber, J.A. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, L. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Trombetti, T. Tucci, M. Tuovinen, J. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Vielva, P. Villa, F. Wade, L.A. Wandelt, B.D. Wehus, I.K. Yvon, D. Zacchei, A. Zibin, J.P. Zonca, A. We test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies using observations made by the Planck satellite. Our results are based mainly on the full Planck mission for temperature, but also include some polarization measurements. In particular, we consider the CMB anisotropy maps derived from the multi-frequency Planck data by several component-separation methods. For the temperature anisotropies, we find excellent agreement between results based on these sky maps over both a very large fraction of the sky and a broad range of angular scales, establishing that potential foreground residuals do not affect our studies. Tests of skewness, kurtosis, multi-normality, N-point functions, and Minkowski functionals indicate consistency with Gaussianity, while a power deficit at large angular scales is manifested in several ways, for example low map variance. The results of a peak statistics analysis are consistent with the expectations of a Gaussian random field. The “Cold Spot” is detected with several methods, including map kurtosis, peak statistics, and mean temperature profile. We thoroughly probe the large-scale dipolar power asymmetry, detecting it with several independent tests, and address the subject of a posteriori correction. Tests of directionality suggest the presence of angular clustering from large to small scales, but at a significance that is dependent on the details of the approach. We perform the first examination of polarization data, finding the morphology of stacked peaks to be consistent with the expectations of statistically isotropic simulations. Where they overlap, these results are consistent with the Planck 2013 analysis based on the nominal mission data and provide our most thorough view of the statistics of the CMB fluctuations to date. EDP Sciences 2016-09-20 Article PeerReviewed Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Aluri, P.K., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R.C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J.-F., Casaponsa, B., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, H.C., Christensen, P.R., Church, S., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Combet, C., Contreras, D., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cruz, M., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Fantaye, Y., Fergusson, J., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A.A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Gauthier, C., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gjerløw, E., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J.E., Hansen, F.K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D.L., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huang, Z., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A.H., Jaffe, T.R., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kim, J., Kisner, T.S., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C.R., Leonardi, R., Lesgourgues, J., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vørnle, M., Liu, H., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macías-Pérez, J.F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marinucci, D., Maris, M., Martin, P.G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mikkelsen, K., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Moss, Adam, Munshi, D., Murphy, J.A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Oxborrow, C.A., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Pant, N., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G.W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rotti, A., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, E.P.S., Souradeep, T., Spencer, L.D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Trombetti, T., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Wehus, I.K., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zibin, J.P. and Zonca, A. (2016) Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 594 . A16/1-A16/62. ISSN 1432-0746 cosmology: observations; cosmic background radiation; polarization; methods: data analysis; methods: statistical http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2016/10/aa26681-15/aa26681-15.html doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526681 doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526681
spellingShingle	cosmology: observations; cosmic background radiation; polarization; methods: data analysis; methods: statistical Ade, P.A.R. Aghanim, N. Akrami, Y. Aluri, P.K. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, M. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A.J. Barreiro, R.B. Bartolo, N. Basak, S. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoît, A. Benoit-Lévy, A. Bernard, J.-P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bock, J.J. Bonaldi, A. Bonavera, L. Bond, J.R. Borrill, J. Bouchet, F.R. Boulanger, F. Bucher, M. Burigana, C. Butler, R.C. Calabrese, E. Cardoso, J.-F. Casaponsa, B. Catalano, A. Challinor, A. Chamballu, A. Chiang, H.C. Christensen, P.R. Church, S. Clements, D.L. Colombi, S. Colombo, L.P.L. Combet, C. Contreras, D. Couchot, F. Coulais, A. Crill, B.P. Cruz, M. Curto, A. Cuttaia, F. Danese, L. Davies, R.D. Davis, R.J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Désert, F.-X. Diego, J.M. Dole, H. Donzelli, S. Doré, O. Douspis, M. Ducout, A. Dupac, X. Efstathiou, G. Elsner, F. Enßlin, T.A. Eriksen, H.K. Fantaye, Y. Fergusson, J. Fernandez-Cobos, R. Finelli, F. Forni, O. Frailis, M. Fraisse, A.A. Franceschi, E. Frejsel, A. Frolov, A. Galeotta, S. Galli, S. Ganga, K. Gauthier, C. Ghosh, T. Giard, M. Giraud-Héraud, Y. Gjerløw, E. González-Nuevo, J. Górski, K.M. Gratton, S. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Gudmundsson, J.E. Hansen, F.K. Hanson, D. Harrison, D.L. Henrot-Versillé, S. Hernández-Monteagudo, C. Herranz, D. Hildebrandt, S.R. Hivon, E. Hobson, M. Holmes, W.A. Hornstrup, A. Hovest, W. Huang, Z. Huffenberger, K.M. Hurier, G. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T.R. Jones, W.C. Juvela, M. Keihänen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kim, J. Kisner, T.S. Knoche, J. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lagache, G. Lähteenmäki, A. Lamarre, J.-M. Lasenby, A. Lattanzi, M. Lawrence, C.R. Leonardi, R. Lesgourgues, J. Levrier, F. Liguori, M. Lilje, P.B. Linden-Vørnle, M. Liu, H. López-Caniego, M. Lubin, P.M. Macías-Pérez, J.F. Maggio, G. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Mangilli, A. Marinucci, D. Maris, M. Martin, P.G. Martínez-González, E. Masi, S. Matarrese, S. McGehee, P. Meinhold, P.R. Melchiorri, A. Mendes, L. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Mikkelsen, K. Mitra, S. Miville-Deschênes, M.-A. Molinari, D. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mortlock, D. Moss, Adam Munshi, D. Murphy, J.A. Naselsky, P. Nati, F. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C.B. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. Oxborrow, C.A. Paci, F. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Pant, N. Paoletti, D. Pasian, F. Patanchon, G. Pearson, T.J. Perdereau, O. Perotto, L. Perrotta, F. Pettorino, V. Piacentini, F. Piat, M. Pierpaoli, E. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Popa, L. Pratt, G.W. Prézeau, G. Prunet, S. Puget, J.-L. Rachen, J.P. Rebolo, R. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Renault, C. Renzi, A. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Rosset, C. Rossetti, M. Rotti, A. Roudier, G. Rubiño-Martín, J.A. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Santos, D. Savelainen, M. Savini, G. Scott, D. Seiffert, M.D. Shellard, E.P.S. Souradeep, T. Spencer, L.D. Stolyarov, V. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, R. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A.-S. Sygnet, J.-F. Tauber, J.A. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, L. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Trombetti, T. Tucci, M. Tuovinen, J. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Vielva, P. Villa, F. Wade, L.A. Wandelt, B.D. Wehus, I.K. Yvon, D. Zacchei, A. Zibin, J.P. Zonca, A. Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
title	Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
title_full	Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
title_fullStr	Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
title_full_unstemmed	Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
title_short	Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
title_sort	planck 2015 results. xvi. isotropy and statistics of the cmb
topic	cosmology: observations; cosmic background radiation; polarization; methods: data analysis; methods: statistical
url	https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42446/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42446/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42446/

Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB

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