Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy
Background: The challenges of delivering interventions for pregnant smokers have been poorly documented. Also, the process of promoting a physical activity intervention for pregnant smokers has not been previously recorded. This study describes the experiences of researchers conducting a randomised...
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BioMed Central
2017
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42350/ |
| _version_ | 1848796468622655488 |
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| author | Giatras, Nikoletta Wanninkhof, Elisabeth Leontowitsch, Miranda Lewis, Beth Taylor, Adrian Cooper, Sue Ussher, Michael |
| author_facet | Giatras, Nikoletta Wanninkhof, Elisabeth Leontowitsch, Miranda Lewis, Beth Taylor, Adrian Cooper, Sue Ussher, Michael |
| author_sort | Giatras, Nikoletta |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: The challenges of delivering interventions for pregnant smokers have been poorly documented. Also, the process of promoting a physical activity intervention for pregnant smokers has not been previously recorded. This study describes the experiences of researchers conducting a randomised controlled trial of physical activity as an aid to smoking cessation during pregnancy and explores how the effectiveness of future interventions could be improved.
Methods: Two focus groups, with independent facilitators, were conducted with six researchers who had enrolled pregnant smokers in the LEAP trial, provided the interventions, and administered the research measures. Topics included recruitment, retention and how the physical activity intervention for pregnant smokers was delivered and how it was adapted when necessary to suit the women. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: Five themes emerged related to barriers or enablers to intervention delivery: (1) nature of the intervention; (2) personal characteristics of trial participants; (3) practical issues; (4) researchers’ engagement with participants; (5) training and support needs. Researchers perceived that participants may have been deterred by the intensive and generic nature of the intervention and the need to simultaneously quit smoking and increase physical activity. Women also appeared hampered by pregnancy ailments, social deprivation, and poor mental health. Researchers observed that their status as health professionals was valued by participants but it was challenging to maintain contact with participants. Training and support needs were identified for dealing with pregnant teenagers, participants’ friends and family, and post-natal return to smoking.
Conclusions: Future exercise interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy may benefit by increased tailoring of the intervention to the characteristics of the women, including their psychological profile, socio-economic background, pregnancy ailments and exercise preferences. Delivering an effective physical activity intervention for smoking cessation in pregnancy may require more comprehensive training for those delivering the intervention, particularly with regard to dealing with teenage smokers and smokers’ friends and family, as well as for avoiding post-natal return to smoking. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:48:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-42350 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
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| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:48:28Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-423502020-05-04T18:30:26Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42350/ Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy Giatras, Nikoletta Wanninkhof, Elisabeth Leontowitsch, Miranda Lewis, Beth Taylor, Adrian Cooper, Sue Ussher, Michael Background: The challenges of delivering interventions for pregnant smokers have been poorly documented. Also, the process of promoting a physical activity intervention for pregnant smokers has not been previously recorded. This study describes the experiences of researchers conducting a randomised controlled trial of physical activity as an aid to smoking cessation during pregnancy and explores how the effectiveness of future interventions could be improved. Methods: Two focus groups, with independent facilitators, were conducted with six researchers who had enrolled pregnant smokers in the LEAP trial, provided the interventions, and administered the research measures. Topics included recruitment, retention and how the physical activity intervention for pregnant smokers was delivered and how it was adapted when necessary to suit the women. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Five themes emerged related to barriers or enablers to intervention delivery: (1) nature of the intervention; (2) personal characteristics of trial participants; (3) practical issues; (4) researchers’ engagement with participants; (5) training and support needs. Researchers perceived that participants may have been deterred by the intensive and generic nature of the intervention and the need to simultaneously quit smoking and increase physical activity. Women also appeared hampered by pregnancy ailments, social deprivation, and poor mental health. Researchers observed that their status as health professionals was valued by participants but it was challenging to maintain contact with participants. Training and support needs were identified for dealing with pregnant teenagers, participants’ friends and family, and post-natal return to smoking. Conclusions: Future exercise interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy may benefit by increased tailoring of the intervention to the characteristics of the women, including their psychological profile, socio-economic background, pregnancy ailments and exercise preferences. Delivering an effective physical activity intervention for smoking cessation in pregnancy may require more comprehensive training for those delivering the intervention, particularly with regard to dealing with teenage smokers and smokers’ friends and family, as well as for avoiding post-natal return to smoking. BioMed Central 2017-01-17 Article PeerReviewed Giatras, Nikoletta, Wanninkhof, Elisabeth, Leontowitsch, Miranda, Lewis, Beth, Taylor, Adrian, Cooper, Sue and Ussher, Michael (2017) Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy. BMC Public Health, 17 . 85/1-85/11. ISSN 1471-2458 Process evaluation; Researchers' perspective; Smoking cessation; Physical activity intervention; Exercise; Pregnant smokers; Qualitative https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4013-5 doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4013-5 doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4013-5 |
| spellingShingle | Process evaluation; Researchers' perspective; Smoking cessation; Physical activity intervention; Exercise; Pregnant smokers; Qualitative Giatras, Nikoletta Wanninkhof, Elisabeth Leontowitsch, Miranda Lewis, Beth Taylor, Adrian Cooper, Sue Ussher, Michael Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy |
| title | Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical
activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy |
| title_full | Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical
activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy |
| title_fullStr | Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical
activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical
activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy |
| title_short | Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical
activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy |
| title_sort | lessons learned from the london exercise and pregnant (leap) smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical
activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy |
| topic | Process evaluation; Researchers' perspective; Smoking cessation; Physical activity intervention; Exercise; Pregnant smokers; Qualitative |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42350/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42350/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42350/ |