Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health

The global prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease continues to increase through the 21st century. Whilst multi-factorial, obesity is ultimately caused by chronic caloric excess. However, despite numerous interventions focussing on reducing caloric intake these either fail or only...

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Main Authors: Aldiss, Peter, Dellschaft, Neele S., Sacks, Harold, Budge, Helen, Symonds, Michael E.
Format: Article
Published: De Gruyter 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41673/
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author Aldiss, Peter
Dellschaft, Neele S.
Sacks, Harold
Budge, Helen
Symonds, Michael E.
author_facet Aldiss, Peter
Dellschaft, Neele S.
Sacks, Harold
Budge, Helen
Symonds, Michael E.
author_sort Aldiss, Peter
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description The global prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease continues to increase through the 21st century. Whilst multi-factorial, obesity is ultimately caused by chronic caloric excess. However, despite numerous interventions focussing on reducing caloric intake these either fail or only elicit short-term changes in body mass. There is now a focus on increasing energy expenditure instead which has stemmed from the recent ‘re-discovery’ of cold-activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and inducible ‘beige’ adipocytes. Through the unique mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP1), these thermogenic adipocytes are capable of combusting large amounts of chemical energy as heat and in animal models can prevent obesity and cardiometabolic disease. At present, human data does not point to a role for thermogenic adipocytes in regulating body weight or fat mass but points to a pivotal role in regulating metabolic health by improving insulin resistance as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. This review will therefore focus on the metabolic benefits of BAT activation and the mechanisms and signalling pathways by which these could occur including improvements in insulin signalling in peripheral tissues, systemic lipid and cholesterol metabolism and cardiac and vascular function.
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spelling nottingham-416732020-05-04T18:46:54Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41673/ Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health Aldiss, Peter Dellschaft, Neele S. Sacks, Harold Budge, Helen Symonds, Michael E. The global prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease continues to increase through the 21st century. Whilst multi-factorial, obesity is ultimately caused by chronic caloric excess. However, despite numerous interventions focussing on reducing caloric intake these either fail or only elicit short-term changes in body mass. There is now a focus on increasing energy expenditure instead which has stemmed from the recent ‘re-discovery’ of cold-activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and inducible ‘beige’ adipocytes. Through the unique mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP1), these thermogenic adipocytes are capable of combusting large amounts of chemical energy as heat and in animal models can prevent obesity and cardiometabolic disease. At present, human data does not point to a role for thermogenic adipocytes in regulating body weight or fat mass but points to a pivotal role in regulating metabolic health by improving insulin resistance as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. This review will therefore focus on the metabolic benefits of BAT activation and the mechanisms and signalling pathways by which these could occur including improvements in insulin signalling in peripheral tissues, systemic lipid and cholesterol metabolism and cardiac and vascular function. De Gruyter 2017-05-26 Article PeerReviewed Aldiss, Peter, Dellschaft, Neele S., Sacks, Harold, Budge, Helen and Symonds, Michael E. (2017) Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation, 31 (2). ISSN 1868-1891 brown adipose tissue; cardiometabolic health; glucose metabolism; insulin signalling; lipid metabolism https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hmbci.2017.31.issue-2/hmbci-2017-0007/hmbci-2017-0007.xml doi:10.1515/hmbci-2017-0007 doi:10.1515/hmbci-2017-0007
spellingShingle brown adipose tissue; cardiometabolic health; glucose metabolism; insulin signalling; lipid metabolism
Aldiss, Peter
Dellschaft, Neele S.
Sacks, Harold
Budge, Helen
Symonds, Michael E.
Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
title Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
title_full Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
title_fullStr Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
title_full_unstemmed Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
title_short Beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
title_sort beyond obesity - thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
topic brown adipose tissue; cardiometabolic health; glucose metabolism; insulin signalling; lipid metabolism
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41673/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41673/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41673/