Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids

Selfish interests usually preclude resource sharing, but under some conditions collective actions enhance per capita gains. Such Allee effects underlay early explanations of social evolution but current understanding focusses on kin selection (inclusive fitness). We find an Allee effect that explain...

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Main Authors: Tang, Xiuyun, Meng, Ling, Kapranas, Apostolos, Xu, Fuyuan, Hardy, Ian C.W., Li, Baoping
Format: Article
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2014
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41519/
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author Tang, Xiuyun
Meng, Ling
Kapranas, Apostolos
Xu, Fuyuan
Hardy, Ian C.W.
Li, Baoping
author_facet Tang, Xiuyun
Meng, Ling
Kapranas, Apostolos
Xu, Fuyuan
Hardy, Ian C.W.
Li, Baoping
author_sort Tang, Xiuyun
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Selfish interests usually preclude resource sharing, but under some conditions collective actions enhance per capita gains. Such Allee effects underlay early explanations of social evolution but current understanding focusses on kin selection (inclusive fitness). We find an Allee effect that explains unusual quasisociality (cooperative brood care) among parasitoid wasps without invoking or precluding kin selection effects. In Sclerodermus harmandi, individual females produce most offspring when exploiting small hosts alone. However, larger hosts are more successfully exploited by larger groups of females, with the per-female benefits outweighing the costs of host sharing. Further, the extremely biased sex ratios (97% female) are better explained by mutually beneficial female–female interactions that increase the reproductive value of daughters (local resource enhancement), rather than by the usually invoked local mate competition between males. Thus, atypical quasisocial behaviour in a parasitoid wasp directly enhances reproductive success and selects for very extremely female-biased sex ratios.
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spelling nottingham-415192020-05-04T16:54:14Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41519/ Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids Tang, Xiuyun Meng, Ling Kapranas, Apostolos Xu, Fuyuan Hardy, Ian C.W. Li, Baoping Selfish interests usually preclude resource sharing, but under some conditions collective actions enhance per capita gains. Such Allee effects underlay early explanations of social evolution but current understanding focusses on kin selection (inclusive fitness). We find an Allee effect that explains unusual quasisociality (cooperative brood care) among parasitoid wasps without invoking or precluding kin selection effects. In Sclerodermus harmandi, individual females produce most offspring when exploiting small hosts alone. However, larger hosts are more successfully exploited by larger groups of females, with the per-female benefits outweighing the costs of host sharing. Further, the extremely biased sex ratios (97% female) are better explained by mutually beneficial female–female interactions that increase the reproductive value of daughters (local resource enhancement), rather than by the usually invoked local mate competition between males. Thus, atypical quasisocial behaviour in a parasitoid wasp directly enhances reproductive success and selects for very extremely female-biased sex ratios. Nature Publishing Group 2014-09-12 Article PeerReviewed Tang, Xiuyun, Meng, Ling, Kapranas, Apostolos, Xu, Fuyuan, Hardy, Ian C.W. and Li, Baoping (2014) Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids. Nature Communications, 5 . 4942/1-4942/7. ISSN 2041-1723 http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5942 doi:10.1038/ncomms5942 doi:10.1038/ncomms5942
spellingShingle Tang, Xiuyun
Meng, Ling
Kapranas, Apostolos
Xu, Fuyuan
Hardy, Ian C.W.
Li, Baoping
Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
title Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
title_full Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
title_fullStr Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
title_full_unstemmed Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
title_short Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
title_sort mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41519/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41519/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41519/