Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation

Exploitation of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals can be hindered by the deterioration of the crystal surface over time due to oxidation. On the other hand, the existence of a stable oxide at room temperature can offer prospects for several applications. Here we report on the chemica...

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Main Authors: Balakrishnan, Nilanthy, Kudrynskyi, Zakhar R., Smith, Emily F., Fay, Michael W., Makarovsky, Oleg, Kovalyuk, Zakhar D., Eaves, Laurence, Beton, Peter H., Patanè, Amalia
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Published: IOP Publishing 2017
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Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40686/
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author Balakrishnan, Nilanthy
Kudrynskyi, Zakhar R.
Smith, Emily F.
Fay, Michael W.
Makarovsky, Oleg
Kovalyuk, Zakhar D.
Eaves, Laurence
Beton, Peter H.
Patanè, Amalia
author_facet Balakrishnan, Nilanthy
Kudrynskyi, Zakhar R.
Smith, Emily F.
Fay, Michael W.
Makarovsky, Oleg
Kovalyuk, Zakhar D.
Eaves, Laurence
Beton, Peter H.
Patanè, Amalia
author_sort Balakrishnan, Nilanthy
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Exploitation of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals can be hindered by the deterioration of the crystal surface over time due to oxidation. On the other hand, the existence of a stable oxide at room temperature can offer prospects for several applications. Here we report on the chemical reactivity of γ-InSe, a recent addition to the family of 2D vdW crystals. We demonstrate that, unlike other 2D materials, InSe nanolayers can be chemically stable under ambient conditions. However, both thermal- and photo-annealing in air induces the oxidation of the InSe surface, which converts a few surface layers of InSe into In2O3, thus forming an InSe/In2O3 heterostructure with distinct and interesting electronic properties. The oxidation can be activated in selected areas of the flake by laser writing or prevented by capping the InSe surface with an exfoliated flake of hexagonal boron nitride. We exploit the controlled oxidation of p-InSe to fabricate p-InSe/n-In2O3 junction diodes with room temperature electroluminescence and spectral response from the near-infrared to the visible and near-ultraviolet ranges. These findings reveal the limits and potential of thermal- and photo-oxidation of InSe in future technologies.
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spelling nottingham-406862020-05-04T18:37:08Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40686/ Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation Balakrishnan, Nilanthy Kudrynskyi, Zakhar R. Smith, Emily F. Fay, Michael W. Makarovsky, Oleg Kovalyuk, Zakhar D. Eaves, Laurence Beton, Peter H. Patanè, Amalia Exploitation of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals can be hindered by the deterioration of the crystal surface over time due to oxidation. On the other hand, the existence of a stable oxide at room temperature can offer prospects for several applications. Here we report on the chemical reactivity of γ-InSe, a recent addition to the family of 2D vdW crystals. We demonstrate that, unlike other 2D materials, InSe nanolayers can be chemically stable under ambient conditions. However, both thermal- and photo-annealing in air induces the oxidation of the InSe surface, which converts a few surface layers of InSe into In2O3, thus forming an InSe/In2O3 heterostructure with distinct and interesting electronic properties. The oxidation can be activated in selected areas of the flake by laser writing or prevented by capping the InSe surface with an exfoliated flake of hexagonal boron nitride. We exploit the controlled oxidation of p-InSe to fabricate p-InSe/n-In2O3 junction diodes with room temperature electroluminescence and spectral response from the near-infrared to the visible and near-ultraviolet ranges. These findings reveal the limits and potential of thermal- and photo-oxidation of InSe in future technologies. IOP Publishing 2017-03-08 Article PeerReviewed Balakrishnan, Nilanthy, Kudrynskyi, Zakhar R., Smith, Emily F., Fay, Michael W., Makarovsky, Oleg, Kovalyuk, Zakhar D., Eaves, Laurence, Beton, Peter H. and Patanè, Amalia (2017) Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation. 2D Materials, 4 (2). 025043/1-025043/10. ISSN 2053-1583 2D materials indium selenide van der Waals crystals indium oxide http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1583/aa61e0/meta doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aa61e0 doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aa61e0
spellingShingle 2D materials
indium selenide
van der Waals crystals
indium oxide
Balakrishnan, Nilanthy
Kudrynskyi, Zakhar R.
Smith, Emily F.
Fay, Michael W.
Makarovsky, Oleg
Kovalyuk, Zakhar D.
Eaves, Laurence
Beton, Peter H.
Patanè, Amalia
Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation
title Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation
title_full Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation
title_fullStr Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation
title_full_unstemmed Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation
title_short Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation
title_sort engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of inse nanolayers by controlled oxidation
topic 2D materials
indium selenide
van der Waals crystals
indium oxide
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40686/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40686/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40686/