Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event
Many genes increase coding capacity by alternate exon usage. The gene encoding the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) a6 subunit, target of the bio-insecticide spinosad, is one example of this and expands protein diversity via alternative splicing of mutually exclusive exons. Here, we s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40076/ |
| _version_ | 1848795979512283136 |
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| author | Berger, Madeleine Puinean, Alin M. Randall, Emma Zimmer, Christoph T. Silva, Wellington M. Bielza, Pablo Field, Linda M. Hughes, David Mellor, Ian R. Hassani-Pak, Keywan Siqueira, Herbert A.A. Williamson, Martin S. Bass, Chris |
| author_facet | Berger, Madeleine Puinean, Alin M. Randall, Emma Zimmer, Christoph T. Silva, Wellington M. Bielza, Pablo Field, Linda M. Hughes, David Mellor, Ian R. Hassani-Pak, Keywan Siqueira, Herbert A.A. Williamson, Martin S. Bass, Chris |
| author_sort | Berger, Madeleine |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Many genes increase coding capacity by alternate exon usage. The gene encoding the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) a6 subunit, target of the bio-insecticide spinosad, is one example of this and expands protein diversity via alternative splicing of mutually exclusive exons. Here, we show that spinosad resistance in the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta is associated with aberrant regulation of splicing of Taa6 resulting in a novel form of insecticide resistance mediated by exon skipping. Sequencing of the a6 subunit cDNA from spinosad selected and unselected strains of T. absoluta revealed all Taa6 transcripts of the selected strain were devoid of exon 3, with comparison of genomic DNA and mRNA revealing this is a result of exon skipping. Exon skipping cosegregated with spinosad resistance in survival bioassays, and functional characterization of this alteration using modified human nAChR a7, a model of insect a6, demonstrated that exon 3 is essential for receptor function and hence spinosad sensitivity. DNA and RNA sequencing analyses suggested that exon skipping did not result from genetic alterations in intronic or exonic cis-regulatory elements, but rather was associated with a single epigenetic modification downstream of exon 3a, and quantitative changes in the expression of trans-acting proteins that have known roles in the regulation of alternative splicing. Our results demonstrate that the intrinsic capacity of the a6 gene to generate transcript diversity via alternative splicing can be readily exploited during the evolution of resistance and identifies exon skipping as a molecular alteration conferring insecticide resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:40:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-40076 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:40:41Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-400762020-05-04T18:22:39Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40076/ Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event Berger, Madeleine Puinean, Alin M. Randall, Emma Zimmer, Christoph T. Silva, Wellington M. Bielza, Pablo Field, Linda M. Hughes, David Mellor, Ian R. Hassani-Pak, Keywan Siqueira, Herbert A.A. Williamson, Martin S. Bass, Chris Many genes increase coding capacity by alternate exon usage. The gene encoding the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) a6 subunit, target of the bio-insecticide spinosad, is one example of this and expands protein diversity via alternative splicing of mutually exclusive exons. Here, we show that spinosad resistance in the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta is associated with aberrant regulation of splicing of Taa6 resulting in a novel form of insecticide resistance mediated by exon skipping. Sequencing of the a6 subunit cDNA from spinosad selected and unselected strains of T. absoluta revealed all Taa6 transcripts of the selected strain were devoid of exon 3, with comparison of genomic DNA and mRNA revealing this is a result of exon skipping. Exon skipping cosegregated with spinosad resistance in survival bioassays, and functional characterization of this alteration using modified human nAChR a7, a model of insect a6, demonstrated that exon 3 is essential for receptor function and hence spinosad sensitivity. DNA and RNA sequencing analyses suggested that exon skipping did not result from genetic alterations in intronic or exonic cis-regulatory elements, but rather was associated with a single epigenetic modification downstream of exon 3a, and quantitative changes in the expression of trans-acting proteins that have known roles in the regulation of alternative splicing. Our results demonstrate that the intrinsic capacity of the a6 gene to generate transcript diversity via alternative splicing can be readily exploited during the evolution of resistance and identifies exon skipping as a molecular alteration conferring insecticide resistance. Wiley 2016-11-02 Article PeerReviewed Berger, Madeleine, Puinean, Alin M., Randall, Emma, Zimmer, Christoph T., Silva, Wellington M., Bielza, Pablo, Field, Linda M., Hughes, David, Mellor, Ian R., Hassani-Pak, Keywan, Siqueira, Herbert A.A., Williamson, Martin S. and Bass, Chris (2016) Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event. Molecular Ecology, 25 (22). pp. 5692-5704. ISSN 0962-1083 Alternative splicing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor spinosad Tuta absoluta http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.13882/full doi:10.1111/mec.13882 doi:10.1111/mec.13882 |
| spellingShingle | Alternative splicing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor spinosad Tuta absoluta Berger, Madeleine Puinean, Alin M. Randall, Emma Zimmer, Christoph T. Silva, Wellington M. Bielza, Pablo Field, Linda M. Hughes, David Mellor, Ian R. Hassani-Pak, Keywan Siqueira, Herbert A.A. Williamson, Martin S. Bass, Chris Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event |
| title | Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event |
| title_full | Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event |
| title_fullStr | Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event |
| title_short | Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event |
| title_sort | insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event |
| topic | Alternative splicing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor spinosad Tuta absoluta |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40076/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40076/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40076/ |