Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions

Sporopollenin, which forms the outer wall of pollen and spores, contains a chemical signature of ultraviolet-B flux via concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds (UACs), providing a proxy for reconstructing UV irradiance through time. Although Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides...

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Main Authors: Jardine, Phillip E., Abernethy, Feargus A.J., Lomax, Barry H., Gosling, William D., Fraser, Wesley T.
Format: Article
Published: Elsevier 2017
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Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39141/
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author Jardine, Phillip E.
Abernethy, Feargus A.J.
Lomax, Barry H.
Gosling, William D.
Fraser, Wesley T.
author_facet Jardine, Phillip E.
Abernethy, Feargus A.J.
Lomax, Barry H.
Gosling, William D.
Fraser, Wesley T.
author_sort Jardine, Phillip E.
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Sporopollenin, which forms the outer wall of pollen and spores, contains a chemical signature of ultraviolet-B flux via concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds (UACs), providing a proxy for reconstructing UV irradiance through time. Although Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides an efficient means of measuring UAC concentrations, nitrogen-containing compounds have the potential to bias the aromatic and hydroxyl bands used to quantify and standardise UAC abundances. Here, we explore the presence and possible influence of nitrogen in UV reconstruction via an FTIR study of Lycopodium spores from a natural shading gradient. We show that the UV-sensitive aromatic peak at 1510 cm‾¹ is clearly distinguishable from the amide II peak at 1550 cm‾¹, and the decrease in aromatic content with increased shading can be reconstructed using standardisation approaches that do not rely on the 3300 cm‾¹ hydroxyl band. Isolation of the sporopollenin results in the loss of nitrogen-related peaks from the FTIR spectra, while the aromatic gradient remains. This confirms the lack of nitrogen in sporopollenin and its limited potential for impacting on palaeo-UV reconstructions. FTIR is therefore an appropriate tool for quantifying UACs in spores and pollen, and information on UV flux should be obtainable from fossil or processed samples.
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spelling nottingham-391412020-05-04T18:32:31Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39141/ Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions Jardine, Phillip E. Abernethy, Feargus A.J. Lomax, Barry H. Gosling, William D. Fraser, Wesley T. Sporopollenin, which forms the outer wall of pollen and spores, contains a chemical signature of ultraviolet-B flux via concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds (UACs), providing a proxy for reconstructing UV irradiance through time. Although Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides an efficient means of measuring UAC concentrations, nitrogen-containing compounds have the potential to bias the aromatic and hydroxyl bands used to quantify and standardise UAC abundances. Here, we explore the presence and possible influence of nitrogen in UV reconstruction via an FTIR study of Lycopodium spores from a natural shading gradient. We show that the UV-sensitive aromatic peak at 1510 cm‾¹ is clearly distinguishable from the amide II peak at 1550 cm‾¹, and the decrease in aromatic content with increased shading can be reconstructed using standardisation approaches that do not rely on the 3300 cm‾¹ hydroxyl band. Isolation of the sporopollenin results in the loss of nitrogen-related peaks from the FTIR spectra, while the aromatic gradient remains. This confirms the lack of nitrogen in sporopollenin and its limited potential for impacting on palaeo-UV reconstructions. FTIR is therefore an appropriate tool for quantifying UACs in spores and pollen, and information on UV flux should be obtainable from fossil or processed samples. Elsevier 2017-03-01 Article PeerReviewed Jardine, Phillip E., Abernethy, Feargus A.J., Lomax, Barry H., Gosling, William D. and Fraser, Wesley T. (2017) Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 238 . pp. 1-6. ISSN 0034-6667 Sporopollenin Ultraviolet-B Fourier Transform infrared microspectroscopy Phenolic compounds Lycopodium http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003466671630197X doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.11.014 doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.11.014
spellingShingle Sporopollenin
Ultraviolet-B
Fourier Transform infrared microspectroscopy
Phenolic compounds
Lycopodium
Jardine, Phillip E.
Abernethy, Feargus A.J.
Lomax, Barry H.
Gosling, William D.
Fraser, Wesley T.
Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions
title Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions
title_full Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions
title_fullStr Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions
title_full_unstemmed Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions
title_short Shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to UV reconstructions
title_sort shedding light on sporopollenin chemistry, with reference to uv reconstructions
topic Sporopollenin
Ultraviolet-B
Fourier Transform infrared microspectroscopy
Phenolic compounds
Lycopodium
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39141/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39141/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39141/