Dietary mineral supplies in Africa
Dietary micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are widespread, yet their prevalence can be difficult to assess. Here, we estimate MND risks due to inadequate intakes for seven minerals in Africa using food supply and composition data, and consider the potential of food-based and agricultural intervention...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2014
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38770/ |
| _version_ | 1848795686703726592 |
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| author | Joy, Edward J.M. Ander, E. Louise Young, Scott D. Black, Colin R. Watts, Michael J. Chilimba, Allan D.C. Chilima, Benson Siyame, Edwin W.P. Kalimbira, Alexander A. Hurst, Rachel Fairweather-Tait, Susan J. Stein, Alexander J. Gibson, Rosalind S. White, Philip J. Broadley, Martin R. |
| author_facet | Joy, Edward J.M. Ander, E. Louise Young, Scott D. Black, Colin R. Watts, Michael J. Chilimba, Allan D.C. Chilima, Benson Siyame, Edwin W.P. Kalimbira, Alexander A. Hurst, Rachel Fairweather-Tait, Susan J. Stein, Alexander J. Gibson, Rosalind S. White, Philip J. Broadley, Martin R. |
| author_sort | Joy, Edward J.M. |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Dietary micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are widespread, yet their prevalence can be difficult to assess. Here, we estimate MND risks due to inadequate intakes for seven minerals in Africa using food supply and composition data, and consider the potential of food-based and agricultural interventions. Food Balance Sheets (FBSs) for 46 countries were integrated with food composition data to estimate per capita supply of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), and also phytate. Deficiency risks were quantified using an estimated average requirement (EAR) ‘cut-point’ approach. Deficiency risks are highest for Ca (54% of the population), followed by Zn (40%), Se (28%) and I (19%, after accounting for iodized salt consumption). The risk of Cu (1%) and Mg (<1%) deficiency are low. Deficiency risks are generally lower in the north and west of Africa. Multiple MND risks are high in many countries. The population-weighted mean phytate supply is 2770 mg capita−1 day−1. Deficiency risks for Fe are lower than expected (5%). However, ‘cut-point’ approaches for Fe are sensitive to assumptions regarding requirements; e.g. estimates of Fe deficiency risks are 43% under very low bioavailability scenarios consistent with high-phytate, low-animal protein diets. Fertilization and breeding strategies could greatly reduce certain MNDs. For example, meeting HarvestPlus breeding targets for Zn would reduce dietary Zn deficiency risk by 90% based on supply data. Dietary diversification or direct fortification is likely to be needed to address Ca deficiency risks. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:36:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-38770 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:36:02Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-387702024-08-15T15:14:52Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38770/ Dietary mineral supplies in Africa Joy, Edward J.M. Ander, E. Louise Young, Scott D. Black, Colin R. Watts, Michael J. Chilimba, Allan D.C. Chilima, Benson Siyame, Edwin W.P. Kalimbira, Alexander A. Hurst, Rachel Fairweather-Tait, Susan J. Stein, Alexander J. Gibson, Rosalind S. White, Philip J. Broadley, Martin R. Dietary micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are widespread, yet their prevalence can be difficult to assess. Here, we estimate MND risks due to inadequate intakes for seven minerals in Africa using food supply and composition data, and consider the potential of food-based and agricultural interventions. Food Balance Sheets (FBSs) for 46 countries were integrated with food composition data to estimate per capita supply of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), and also phytate. Deficiency risks were quantified using an estimated average requirement (EAR) ‘cut-point’ approach. Deficiency risks are highest for Ca (54% of the population), followed by Zn (40%), Se (28%) and I (19%, after accounting for iodized salt consumption). The risk of Cu (1%) and Mg (<1%) deficiency are low. Deficiency risks are generally lower in the north and west of Africa. Multiple MND risks are high in many countries. The population-weighted mean phytate supply is 2770 mg capita−1 day−1. Deficiency risks for Fe are lower than expected (5%). However, ‘cut-point’ approaches for Fe are sensitive to assumptions regarding requirements; e.g. estimates of Fe deficiency risks are 43% under very low bioavailability scenarios consistent with high-phytate, low-animal protein diets. Fertilization and breeding strategies could greatly reduce certain MNDs. For example, meeting HarvestPlus breeding targets for Zn would reduce dietary Zn deficiency risk by 90% based on supply data. Dietary diversification or direct fortification is likely to be needed to address Ca deficiency risks. Wiley 2014-02-13 Article PeerReviewed Joy, Edward J.M., Ander, E. Louise, Young, Scott D., Black, Colin R., Watts, Michael J., Chilimba, Allan D.C., Chilima, Benson, Siyame, Edwin W.P., Kalimbira, Alexander A., Hurst, Rachel, Fairweather-Tait, Susan J., Stein, Alexander J., Gibson, Rosalind S., White, Philip J. and Broadley, Martin R. (2014) Dietary mineral supplies in Africa. Physiologia Plantarum, 151 (3). pp. 208-229. ISSN 1399-3054 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ppl.12144/abstract doi:10.1111/ppl.12144 doi:10.1111/ppl.12144 |
| spellingShingle | Joy, Edward J.M. Ander, E. Louise Young, Scott D. Black, Colin R. Watts, Michael J. Chilimba, Allan D.C. Chilima, Benson Siyame, Edwin W.P. Kalimbira, Alexander A. Hurst, Rachel Fairweather-Tait, Susan J. Stein, Alexander J. Gibson, Rosalind S. White, Philip J. Broadley, Martin R. Dietary mineral supplies in Africa |
| title | Dietary mineral supplies in Africa |
| title_full | Dietary mineral supplies in Africa |
| title_fullStr | Dietary mineral supplies in Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary mineral supplies in Africa |
| title_short | Dietary mineral supplies in Africa |
| title_sort | dietary mineral supplies in africa |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38770/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38770/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38770/ |