A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution
12 GPS Block IIF satellites, out of the current constellation, can transmit on three-frequency signals (L1, L2, L5). Taking advantages of these signals, Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution (TCAR) is expected to bring much benefit for ambiguity resolution. One of the research areas is to find the opti...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38434/ |
| _version_ | 1848795610503708672 |
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| author | Zhao, Dongsheng Roberts, Gethin Wyn Lau, Lawrence Hancock, Craig Bai, Ruibin |
| author_facet | Zhao, Dongsheng Roberts, Gethin Wyn Lau, Lawrence Hancock, Craig Bai, Ruibin |
| author_sort | Zhao, Dongsheng |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | 12 GPS Block IIF satellites, out of the current constellation, can transmit on three-frequency signals (L1, L2, L5). Taking advantages of these signals, Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution (TCAR) is expected to bring much benefit for ambiguity resolution. One of the research areas is to find the optimal combined signals for a better ambiguity resolution in geometry-free (GF) and geometry-based (GB) mode. However, the existing researches select the signals through either pure theoretical analysis or testing with simulated data, which might be biased as the real observation condition could be different from theoretical prediction or simulation. In this paper, we propose a theoretical and empirical integrated method, which first selects the possible optimal combined signals in theory and then refines these signals with real triple-frequency GPS data, observed at eleven baselines of different lengths. An interpolation technique is also adopted in order to show changes of the AR performance with the increase in baseline length. The results show that the AR success rate can be improved by 3% in GF mode and 8% in GB mode at certain intervals of the baseline length. Therefore, the TCAR can perform better by adopting the combined signals proposed in this paper when the baseline meets the length condition. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:34:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-38434 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:34:49Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-384342020-05-04T18:20:54Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38434/ A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution Zhao, Dongsheng Roberts, Gethin Wyn Lau, Lawrence Hancock, Craig Bai, Ruibin 12 GPS Block IIF satellites, out of the current constellation, can transmit on three-frequency signals (L1, L2, L5). Taking advantages of these signals, Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution (TCAR) is expected to bring much benefit for ambiguity resolution. One of the research areas is to find the optimal combined signals for a better ambiguity resolution in geometry-free (GF) and geometry-based (GB) mode. However, the existing researches select the signals through either pure theoretical analysis or testing with simulated data, which might be biased as the real observation condition could be different from theoretical prediction or simulation. In this paper, we propose a theoretical and empirical integrated method, which first selects the possible optimal combined signals in theory and then refines these signals with real triple-frequency GPS data, observed at eleven baselines of different lengths. An interpolation technique is also adopted in order to show changes of the AR performance with the increase in baseline length. The results show that the AR success rate can be improved by 3% in GF mode and 8% in GB mode at certain intervals of the baseline length. Therefore, the TCAR can perform better by adopting the combined signals proposed in this paper when the baseline meets the length condition. MDPI 2016-11-16 Article PeerReviewed Zhao, Dongsheng, Roberts, Gethin Wyn, Lau, Lawrence, Hancock, Craig and Bai, Ruibin (2016) A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution. Sensors, 16 (11). 1929/1-1929/19. ISSN 1424-8220 GPS; ambiguity resolution; geometry-free; geometry-based; triple-frequency observations; real data http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1929 doi:10.3390/s16111929 doi:10.3390/s16111929 |
| spellingShingle | GPS; ambiguity resolution; geometry-free; geometry-based; triple-frequency observations; real data Zhao, Dongsheng Roberts, Gethin Wyn Lau, Lawrence Hancock, Craig Bai, Ruibin A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution |
| title | A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution |
| title_full | A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution |
| title_fullStr | A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution |
| title_short | A theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution |
| title_sort | theoretical and empirical integrated method to select the optimal combined signals for geometry-free and geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution |
| topic | GPS; ambiguity resolution; geometry-free; geometry-based; triple-frequency observations; real data |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38434/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38434/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38434/ |