On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a sophisticated tool which yields rich information on the spatial, spectral and temporal signatures of human brain function. Despite unique potential, MEG is limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which is caused by both the inherently small magnetic fields gene...

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Main Authors: Boto, Elena, Bowtell, Richard W., Kruger, Peter, Fromhold, T. Mark, Morris, Peter G., Meyer, Sofie S., Barnes, Gareth R., Brookes, Matthew J.
Format: Article
Published: Public Library of Science 2016
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37932/
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author Boto, Elena
Bowtell, Richard W.
Kruger, Peter
Fromhold, T. Mark
Morris, Peter G.
Meyer, Sofie S.
Barnes, Gareth R.
Brookes, Matthew J.
author_facet Boto, Elena
Bowtell, Richard W.
Kruger, Peter
Fromhold, T. Mark
Morris, Peter G.
Meyer, Sofie S.
Barnes, Gareth R.
Brookes, Matthew J.
author_sort Boto, Elena
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a sophisticated tool which yields rich information on the spatial, spectral and temporal signatures of human brain function. Despite unique potential, MEG is limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which is caused by both the inherently small magnetic fields generated by the brain, and the scalp-to-sensor distance. The latter is limited in current systems due to a requirement for pickup coils to be cryogenically cooled. Recent work suggests that optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) might be a viable alternative to superconducting detectors for MEG measurement. They have the advantage that sensors can be brought to within ~4 mm of the scalp, thus offering increased sensitivity. Here, using simulations, we quantify the advantages of hypothetical OPM systems in terms of sensitivity, reconstruction accuracy and spatial resolution. Our results show that a multi-channel whole-head OPM system offers (on average) a fivefold improvement in sensitivity for an adult brain, as well as clear improvements in reconstruction accuracy and spatial resolution. However, we also show that such improvements depend critically on accurate forward models; indeed, the reconstruction accuracy of our simulated OPM system only outperformed that of a simulated superconducting system in cases where forward field error was less than 5%. Overall, our results imply that the realisation of a viable whole-head multi-channel OPM system could generate a step change in the utility of MEG as a means to assess brain electrophysiological activity in health and disease. However in practice, this will require both improved hardware and modelling algorithms.
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spelling nottingham-379322020-05-04T18:05:37Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37932/ On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study Boto, Elena Bowtell, Richard W. Kruger, Peter Fromhold, T. Mark Morris, Peter G. Meyer, Sofie S. Barnes, Gareth R. Brookes, Matthew J. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a sophisticated tool which yields rich information on the spatial, spectral and temporal signatures of human brain function. Despite unique potential, MEG is limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which is caused by both the inherently small magnetic fields generated by the brain, and the scalp-to-sensor distance. The latter is limited in current systems due to a requirement for pickup coils to be cryogenically cooled. Recent work suggests that optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) might be a viable alternative to superconducting detectors for MEG measurement. They have the advantage that sensors can be brought to within ~4 mm of the scalp, thus offering increased sensitivity. Here, using simulations, we quantify the advantages of hypothetical OPM systems in terms of sensitivity, reconstruction accuracy and spatial resolution. Our results show that a multi-channel whole-head OPM system offers (on average) a fivefold improvement in sensitivity for an adult brain, as well as clear improvements in reconstruction accuracy and spatial resolution. However, we also show that such improvements depend critically on accurate forward models; indeed, the reconstruction accuracy of our simulated OPM system only outperformed that of a simulated superconducting system in cases where forward field error was less than 5%. Overall, our results imply that the realisation of a viable whole-head multi-channel OPM system could generate a step change in the utility of MEG as a means to assess brain electrophysiological activity in health and disease. However in practice, this will require both improved hardware and modelling algorithms. Public Library of Science 2016-08-26 Article PeerReviewed Boto, Elena, Bowtell, Richard W., Kruger, Peter, Fromhold, T. Mark, Morris, Peter G., Meyer, Sofie S., Barnes, Gareth R. and Brookes, Matthew J. (2016) On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study. PLoS ONE, 11 (8). e0157655/1- e0157655/24. ISSN 1932-6203 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157655 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157655 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157655
spellingShingle Boto, Elena
Bowtell, Richard W.
Kruger, Peter
Fromhold, T. Mark
Morris, Peter G.
Meyer, Sofie S.
Barnes, Gareth R.
Brookes, Matthew J.
On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study
title On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study
title_full On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study
title_fullStr On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study
title_full_unstemmed On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study
title_short On the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for MEG: a beamformer simulation study
title_sort on the potential of a new generation of magnetometers for meg: a beamformer simulation study
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37932/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37932/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37932/