The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle that, in East Africa, follows contact with wildebeest excreting alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). Recently an attenuated vaccine (atAlHV-1) was tested under experimental challenge on Friesian-Holstein (FH) cattle and gave a vaccine effic...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37873/ |
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| author | Lankester, Felix Lugelo, Ahmed Werling, Dirk Mnyambwa, Nicholas Keyyu, Julius Kazwala, Rudovick Grant, Dawn Smith, Sarah Parameswaran, Nevi Cleaveland, Sarah Russell, George Haig, David |
| author_facet | Lankester, Felix Lugelo, Ahmed Werling, Dirk Mnyambwa, Nicholas Keyyu, Julius Kazwala, Rudovick Grant, Dawn Smith, Sarah Parameswaran, Nevi Cleaveland, Sarah Russell, George Haig, David |
| author_sort | Lankester, Felix |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle that, in East Africa, follows contact with wildebeest excreting alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). Recently an attenuated vaccine (atAlHV-1) was tested under experimental challenge on Friesian-Holstein (FH) cattle and gave a vaccine efficacy (VE) of approximately 90%. However testing under field conditions on an East African breed, the shorthorn zebu cross (SZC), gave a VE of 56% suggesting that FH and SZC cattle may respond differently to the vaccine. To investigate, a challenge trial was carried out using SZC. Additionally three adjuvant combinations were tested: (i) Emulsigen®, (ii) bacterial flagellin (FliC) and (iii) Emulsigen® + bacterial flagellin. We report 100% seroconversion in all immunized cattle. The group inoculated with atAlHV-1 + Emulsigen® had significantly higher antibody titres than groups inoculated with FliC, the smallest number of animals that became infected and the fewest fatalities, suggesting this was the most effective combination. A larger study is required to more accurately determine the protective effect of this regime in SZC. There was an apparent inhibition of the antibody response in cattle inoculated with atAlHV-1 + FliC, suggesting FliC might induce an immune suppressive mechanism. The VE in SZC (50–60%) was less than that in FH (80–90%). We speculate that this might be due to increased risk of disease in vaccinated SZC (suggesting that the vaccine may be less effective at stimulating an appropriate immune response in this breed) and/or increased survival in unvaccinated SZC (suggesting that these cattle may have a degree of prior immunity against infection with AlHV-1). |
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| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-37873 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
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| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:33:54Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-378732020-05-04T18:12:15Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37873/ The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge Lankester, Felix Lugelo, Ahmed Werling, Dirk Mnyambwa, Nicholas Keyyu, Julius Kazwala, Rudovick Grant, Dawn Smith, Sarah Parameswaran, Nevi Cleaveland, Sarah Russell, George Haig, David Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle that, in East Africa, follows contact with wildebeest excreting alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). Recently an attenuated vaccine (atAlHV-1) was tested under experimental challenge on Friesian-Holstein (FH) cattle and gave a vaccine efficacy (VE) of approximately 90%. However testing under field conditions on an East African breed, the shorthorn zebu cross (SZC), gave a VE of 56% suggesting that FH and SZC cattle may respond differently to the vaccine. To investigate, a challenge trial was carried out using SZC. Additionally three adjuvant combinations were tested: (i) Emulsigen®, (ii) bacterial flagellin (FliC) and (iii) Emulsigen® + bacterial flagellin. We report 100% seroconversion in all immunized cattle. The group inoculated with atAlHV-1 + Emulsigen® had significantly higher antibody titres than groups inoculated with FliC, the smallest number of animals that became infected and the fewest fatalities, suggesting this was the most effective combination. A larger study is required to more accurately determine the protective effect of this regime in SZC. There was an apparent inhibition of the antibody response in cattle inoculated with atAlHV-1 + FliC, suggesting FliC might induce an immune suppressive mechanism. The VE in SZC (50–60%) was less than that in FH (80–90%). We speculate that this might be due to increased risk of disease in vaccinated SZC (suggesting that the vaccine may be less effective at stimulating an appropriate immune response in this breed) and/or increased survival in unvaccinated SZC (suggesting that these cattle may have a degree of prior immunity against infection with AlHV-1). Elsevier 2016-09-15 Article PeerReviewed Lankester, Felix, Lugelo, Ahmed, Werling, Dirk, Mnyambwa, Nicholas, Keyyu, Julius, Kazwala, Rudovick, Grant, Dawn, Smith, Sarah, Parameswaran, Nevi, Cleaveland, Sarah, Russell, George and Haig, David (2016) The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge. Veterinary Microbiology, 195 . pp. 144-153. ISSN 1873-2542 Malignant catarrhal fever; alcelaphine herpesvirus-1; vaccine trial; wildebeest; adjuvant; bacterial flagellin http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.019 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.019 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.019 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.019 |
| spellingShingle | Malignant catarrhal fever; alcelaphine herpesvirus-1; vaccine trial; wildebeest; adjuvant; bacterial flagellin Lankester, Felix Lugelo, Ahmed Werling, Dirk Mnyambwa, Nicholas Keyyu, Julius Kazwala, Rudovick Grant, Dawn Smith, Sarah Parameswaran, Nevi Cleaveland, Sarah Russell, George Haig, David The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge |
| title | The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge |
| title_full | The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge |
| title_fullStr | The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge |
| title_full_unstemmed | The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge |
| title_short | The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge |
| title_sort | efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) immunization with the adjuvants emulsigen® and the monomeric tlr5 ligand flic in zebu cattle against alhv-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge |
| topic | Malignant catarrhal fever; alcelaphine herpesvirus-1; vaccine trial; wildebeest; adjuvant; bacterial flagellin |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37873/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37873/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37873/ |