The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: The purpose of this review was to examine the treatment effect of physical exercise on depressive symptoms for adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Method: A systematic search of 7 electronic databases identified relevant randomized controlled trials. Following removal of duplicates, 543 t...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carter, Tim, Morres, Ioannis, Meade, Oonagh, Callaghan, Patrick
Format: Article
Published: Elsiever 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35399/
_version_ 1848795068316516352
author Carter, Tim
Morres, Ioannis
Meade, Oonagh
Callaghan, Patrick
author_facet Carter, Tim
Morres, Ioannis
Meade, Oonagh
Callaghan, Patrick
author_sort Carter, Tim
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Objective: The purpose of this review was to examine the treatment effect of physical exercise on depressive symptoms for adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Method: A systematic search of 7 electronic databases identified relevant randomized controlled trials. Following removal of duplicates, 543 texts were screened for eligibility. Screening, data extraction, and trial methodological quality assessment (using the Delphi list) were undertaken by 2 independent researchers. Standardized mean differences were used for pooling postintervention depressive symptom scores. Results: Eleven trials met the inclusion criteria, 8 of which provided the necessary data for calculation of standardized effect size. Exercise showed a statistically significant moderate overall effect on depressive symptom reduction (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.48, 95% CI = −0.87, −0.10, p = .01, I2 = 67%). Among trials with higher methodological scoring, a nonsignificant moderate effect was recorded (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI = −0.86, 0.05, p = .08). In trials with exclusively clinical samples, exercise showed a statistically significant moderate effect on depressive symptoms with lower levels of heterogeneity (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI = −0.84, −0.02, p = .04, I2 = 44%). Conclusion: Physical exercise appears to improve depressive symptoms in adolescents, especially in clinical samples in which the moderate antidepressant effect, higher methodological quality, and lowered statistical heterogeneity suggest that exercise may be a useful treatment strategy for depression. Larger trials with clinical samples that adequately minimize the risk of bias are required for firmer conclusions on the effectiveness of exercise as an antidepressant treatment.
first_indexed 2025-11-14T19:26:12Z
format Article
id nottingham-35399
institution University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
institution_category Local University
last_indexed 2025-11-14T19:26:12Z
publishDate 2016
publisher Elsiever
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
spelling nottingham-353992020-05-04T17:52:26Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35399/ The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis Carter, Tim Morres, Ioannis Meade, Oonagh Callaghan, Patrick Objective: The purpose of this review was to examine the treatment effect of physical exercise on depressive symptoms for adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Method: A systematic search of 7 electronic databases identified relevant randomized controlled trials. Following removal of duplicates, 543 texts were screened for eligibility. Screening, data extraction, and trial methodological quality assessment (using the Delphi list) were undertaken by 2 independent researchers. Standardized mean differences were used for pooling postintervention depressive symptom scores. Results: Eleven trials met the inclusion criteria, 8 of which provided the necessary data for calculation of standardized effect size. Exercise showed a statistically significant moderate overall effect on depressive symptom reduction (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.48, 95% CI = −0.87, −0.10, p = .01, I2 = 67%). Among trials with higher methodological scoring, a nonsignificant moderate effect was recorded (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI = −0.86, 0.05, p = .08). In trials with exclusively clinical samples, exercise showed a statistically significant moderate effect on depressive symptoms with lower levels of heterogeneity (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI = −0.84, −0.02, p = .04, I2 = 44%). Conclusion: Physical exercise appears to improve depressive symptoms in adolescents, especially in clinical samples in which the moderate antidepressant effect, higher methodological quality, and lowered statistical heterogeneity suggest that exercise may be a useful treatment strategy for depression. Larger trials with clinical samples that adequately minimize the risk of bias are required for firmer conclusions on the effectiveness of exercise as an antidepressant treatment. Elsiever 2016-05-10 Article PeerReviewed Carter, Tim, Morres, Ioannis, Meade, Oonagh and Callaghan, Patrick (2016) The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55 (7). pp. 580-590. ISSN 1527-5418 exercise; randomized controlled trial; depression; adolescents; meta-analysis http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856716301708 doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.016 doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.016
spellingShingle exercise; randomized controlled trial; depression; adolescents; meta-analysis
Carter, Tim
Morres, Ioannis
Meade, Oonagh
Callaghan, Patrick
The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic exercise; randomized controlled trial; depression; adolescents; meta-analysis
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35399/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35399/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35399/