Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines
There has been an escalating interest in the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa in recent years. Cannabis is often administered orally with fat-containing foods, or in lipid-based pharmaceutical preparations. However, the impact of lipids on the exposure of patients to cannabis components has not been...
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| Format: | Article |
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E-Century Publishing
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35069/ |
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| author | Zgair, Atheer Wong, Jonathan C.M. Lee, Jong Bong Mistry, Jatin Sivak, Olena Wasan, Kishor M. Hennig, Ivo M. Barrett, David A. Constantinescu, Cris S. Fischer, Peter M. Gershkovich, Pavel |
| author_facet | Zgair, Atheer Wong, Jonathan C.M. Lee, Jong Bong Mistry, Jatin Sivak, Olena Wasan, Kishor M. Hennig, Ivo M. Barrett, David A. Constantinescu, Cris S. Fischer, Peter M. Gershkovich, Pavel |
| author_sort | Zgair, Atheer |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | There has been an escalating interest in the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa in recent years. Cannabis is often administered orally with fat-containing foods, or in lipid-based pharmaceutical preparations. However, the impact of lipids on the exposure of patients to cannabis components has not been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of oral co-administration of lipids on the exposure to two main active cannabinoids, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). In this study, oral co-administration of lipids enhanced the systemic exposure of rats to THC and CBD by 2.5-fold and 3-fold, respectively, compared to lipid-free formulations. In vitro lipolysis was conducted to explore the effect of lipids on the intestinal solubilisation of cannabinoids. More than 30% of THC and CBD were distributed into micellar fraction following lipolysis, suggesting that at least one-third of the administered dose will be available for absorption following co-administration with lipids. Both cannabinoids showed very high affinity for artificial CM-like particles, as well as for rat and human CM, suggesting high potential for intestinal lymphatic transport. Moreover, comparable affinity of cannabinoids for rat and human CM suggests that similar increased exposure effects may be expected in humans. In conclusion, co-administration of dietary lipids or pharmaceutical lipid excipients has the potential to substantially increase the exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. The increase in patient exposure to cannabinoids is of high clinical importance as it could affect the therapeutic effect, but also toxicity, of orally administered cannabis or cannabis-based medicines. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:25:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-35069 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:25:04Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | E-Century Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-350692020-05-04T18:05:26Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35069/ Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines Zgair, Atheer Wong, Jonathan C.M. Lee, Jong Bong Mistry, Jatin Sivak, Olena Wasan, Kishor M. Hennig, Ivo M. Barrett, David A. Constantinescu, Cris S. Fischer, Peter M. Gershkovich, Pavel There has been an escalating interest in the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa in recent years. Cannabis is often administered orally with fat-containing foods, or in lipid-based pharmaceutical preparations. However, the impact of lipids on the exposure of patients to cannabis components has not been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of oral co-administration of lipids on the exposure to two main active cannabinoids, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). In this study, oral co-administration of lipids enhanced the systemic exposure of rats to THC and CBD by 2.5-fold and 3-fold, respectively, compared to lipid-free formulations. In vitro lipolysis was conducted to explore the effect of lipids on the intestinal solubilisation of cannabinoids. More than 30% of THC and CBD were distributed into micellar fraction following lipolysis, suggesting that at least one-third of the administered dose will be available for absorption following co-administration with lipids. Both cannabinoids showed very high affinity for artificial CM-like particles, as well as for rat and human CM, suggesting high potential for intestinal lymphatic transport. Moreover, comparable affinity of cannabinoids for rat and human CM suggests that similar increased exposure effects may be expected in humans. In conclusion, co-administration of dietary lipids or pharmaceutical lipid excipients has the potential to substantially increase the exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. The increase in patient exposure to cannabinoids is of high clinical importance as it could affect the therapeutic effect, but also toxicity, of orally administered cannabis or cannabis-based medicines. E-Century Publishing 2016-08-30 Article PeerReviewed Zgair, Atheer, Wong, Jonathan C.M., Lee, Jong Bong, Mistry, Jatin, Sivak, Olena, Wasan, Kishor M., Hennig, Ivo M., Barrett, David A., Constantinescu, Cris S., Fischer, Peter M. and Gershkovich, Pavel (2016) Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. American Journal of Translational Research, 8 (8). pp. 3448-3459. ISSN 1943-8141 Tetrahydrocannabinol; cannabidiol; lymphatic transport; bioavailability; medicinal cannabis; dietary lipids http://www.ajtr.org/files/ajtr0030292.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Tetrahydrocannabinol; cannabidiol; lymphatic transport; bioavailability; medicinal cannabis; dietary lipids Zgair, Atheer Wong, Jonathan C.M. Lee, Jong Bong Mistry, Jatin Sivak, Olena Wasan, Kishor M. Hennig, Ivo M. Barrett, David A. Constantinescu, Cris S. Fischer, Peter M. Gershkovich, Pavel Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines |
| title | Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines |
| title_full | Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines |
| title_fullStr | Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines |
| title_short | Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines |
| title_sort | dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines |
| topic | Tetrahydrocannabinol; cannabidiol; lymphatic transport; bioavailability; medicinal cannabis; dietary lipids |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35069/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35069/ |