Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study

Influenza is a common, highly contagious respiratory virus which infects all age groups, causing a range of outcomes from asymptomatic infection and mild respiratory disease to severe respiratory disease and death.1 If infected, the adaptive immune system produces a humoral (antibody) and cell-media...

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Main Authors: Fragaszy, Ellen B., Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Wang, Lili, Copas, Andrew, Dukes, Oliver, Edmunds, W. John, Goonetilleke, Nile, Harvey, Gabrielle, Johnson, Anne M., Kovar, Jana, Lim, Megan S.C., McMichael, Andrew, Millett, Elizabeth R.C., Nazareth, Irwin, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan, Tabassum, Faiza, Watson, John M., Wurie, Fatima, Zambon, Maria, Hayward, Andrew C.
Format: Article
Published: Oxford University Press 2016
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34691/
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author Fragaszy, Ellen B.
Warren-Gash, Charlotte
Wang, Lili
Copas, Andrew
Dukes, Oliver
Edmunds, W. John
Goonetilleke, Nile
Harvey, Gabrielle
Johnson, Anne M.
Kovar, Jana
Lim, Megan S.C.
McMichael, Andrew
Millett, Elizabeth R.C.
Nazareth, Irwin
Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan
Tabassum, Faiza
Watson, John M.
Wurie, Fatima
Zambon, Maria
Hayward, Andrew C.
author_facet Fragaszy, Ellen B.
Warren-Gash, Charlotte
Wang, Lili
Copas, Andrew
Dukes, Oliver
Edmunds, W. John
Goonetilleke, Nile
Harvey, Gabrielle
Johnson, Anne M.
Kovar, Jana
Lim, Megan S.C.
McMichael, Andrew
Millett, Elizabeth R.C.
Nazareth, Irwin
Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan
Tabassum, Faiza
Watson, John M.
Wurie, Fatima
Zambon, Maria
Hayward, Andrew C.
author_sort Fragaszy, Ellen B.
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Influenza is a common, highly contagious respiratory virus which infects all age groups, causing a range of outcomes from asymptomatic infection and mild respiratory disease to severe respiratory disease and death.1 If infected, the adaptive immune system produces a humoral (antibody) and cell-mediated (T cell) immune response to fight the infection.2 Influenza viruses continually evolve through antigenic drift, resulting in slightly different ‘seasonal’ influenza strains circulating each year. Population-level antibody immunity to these seasonal viruses builds up over time, so in any given season only a proportion of the population is susceptible to the circulating strains. Occasionally, influenza A viruses evolve rapidly through antigenic shift by swapping genes with influenza viruses usually circulating in animals. This process creates an immunologically distinct virus to which the population may have little to no antibody immunity. The virus can result in a pandemic if a large portion of the population is susceptible and the virus is easily spread.
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institution University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
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last_indexed 2025-11-14T19:23:44Z
publishDate 2016
publisher Oxford University Press
recordtype eprints
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spelling nottingham-346912020-05-04T17:42:58Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34691/ Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study Fragaszy, Ellen B. Warren-Gash, Charlotte Wang, Lili Copas, Andrew Dukes, Oliver Edmunds, W. John Goonetilleke, Nile Harvey, Gabrielle Johnson, Anne M. Kovar, Jana Lim, Megan S.C. McMichael, Andrew Millett, Elizabeth R.C. Nazareth, Irwin Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan Tabassum, Faiza Watson, John M. Wurie, Fatima Zambon, Maria Hayward, Andrew C. Influenza is a common, highly contagious respiratory virus which infects all age groups, causing a range of outcomes from asymptomatic infection and mild respiratory disease to severe respiratory disease and death.1 If infected, the adaptive immune system produces a humoral (antibody) and cell-mediated (T cell) immune response to fight the infection.2 Influenza viruses continually evolve through antigenic drift, resulting in slightly different ‘seasonal’ influenza strains circulating each year. Population-level antibody immunity to these seasonal viruses builds up over time, so in any given season only a proportion of the population is susceptible to the circulating strains. Occasionally, influenza A viruses evolve rapidly through antigenic shift by swapping genes with influenza viruses usually circulating in animals. This process creates an immunologically distinct virus to which the population may have little to no antibody immunity. The virus can result in a pandemic if a large portion of the population is susceptible and the virus is easily spread. Oxford University Press 2016-03-03 Article PeerReviewed Fragaszy, Ellen B., Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Wang, Lili, Copas, Andrew, Dukes, Oliver, Edmunds, W. John, Goonetilleke, Nile, Harvey, Gabrielle, Johnson, Anne M., Kovar, Jana, Lim, Megan S.C., McMichael, Andrew, Millett, Elizabeth R.C., Nazareth, Irwin, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan, Tabassum, Faiza, Watson, John M., Wurie, Fatima, Zambon, Maria and Hayward, Andrew C. (2016) Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study. International Journal of Epidemiology . ISSN 0300-5771 http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/03/02/ije.dyv370 doi:10.1093/ije/dyv370 doi:10.1093/ije/dyv370
spellingShingle Fragaszy, Ellen B.
Warren-Gash, Charlotte
Wang, Lili
Copas, Andrew
Dukes, Oliver
Edmunds, W. John
Goonetilleke, Nile
Harvey, Gabrielle
Johnson, Anne M.
Kovar, Jana
Lim, Megan S.C.
McMichael, Andrew
Millett, Elizabeth R.C.
Nazareth, Irwin
Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan
Tabassum, Faiza
Watson, John M.
Wurie, Fatima
Zambon, Maria
Hayward, Andrew C.
Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study
title Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study
title_full Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study
title_fullStr Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study
title_full_unstemmed Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study
title_short Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study
title_sort cohort profile: the flu watch study
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34691/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34691/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34691/