Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken

Background: EAV-HP is an ancient retrovirus pre-dating Gallus speciation, which continues to circulate in modern chicken populations, and led to the emergence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. We mapped EAV-HP integration sites in Ethiopi...

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Main Authors: Wragg, David, Mason, Andrew S., Yu, Le, Kuo, Richard, Lawal, Raman A., Desta, Takele Taye, Mwacharo, Joram M., Cho, Chang-Yeon, Kemp, Steve, Burt, David W., Hanotte, Olivier
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Published: BioMed Central 2015
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Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34507/
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author Wragg, David
Mason, Andrew S.
Yu, Le
Kuo, Richard
Lawal, Raman A.
Desta, Takele Taye
Mwacharo, Joram M.
Cho, Chang-Yeon
Kemp, Steve
Burt, David W.
Hanotte, Olivier
author_facet Wragg, David
Mason, Andrew S.
Yu, Le
Kuo, Richard
Lawal, Raman A.
Desta, Takele Taye
Mwacharo, Joram M.
Cho, Chang-Yeon
Kemp, Steve
Burt, David W.
Hanotte, Olivier
author_sort Wragg, David
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Background: EAV-HP is an ancient retrovirus pre-dating Gallus speciation, which continues to circulate in modern chicken populations, and led to the emergence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. We mapped EAV-HP integration sites in Ethiopian village chickens, a Silkie, Taiwan Country chicken, red junglefowl Gallusgallus and several inbred experimental lines using whole-genome sequence data. Results: An average of 75.22 ± 9.52 integration sites per bird were identified, which collectively group into 279 intervals of which 5% are common to 90% of the genomes analysed and are suggestive of pre-domestication integration events. More than a third of intervals are specific to individual genomes, supporting active circulation of EAV-HP in modern chickens. Interval density is correlated with chromosome length (P<2.31−6), and 27 % of intervals are located within 5 kb of a transcript. Functional annotation clustering of genes reveals enrichment for immune-related functions (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our results illustrate a non-random distribution of EAV-HP in the genome, emphasising the importance it may have played in the adaptation of the species, and provide a platform from which to extend investigations on the co-evolutionary significance of endogenous retroviral genera with their hosts.
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spelling nottingham-345072024-08-15T15:17:33Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34507/ Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken Wragg, David Mason, Andrew S. Yu, Le Kuo, Richard Lawal, Raman A. Desta, Takele Taye Mwacharo, Joram M. Cho, Chang-Yeon Kemp, Steve Burt, David W. Hanotte, Olivier Background: EAV-HP is an ancient retrovirus pre-dating Gallus speciation, which continues to circulate in modern chicken populations, and led to the emergence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. We mapped EAV-HP integration sites in Ethiopian village chickens, a Silkie, Taiwan Country chicken, red junglefowl Gallusgallus and several inbred experimental lines using whole-genome sequence data. Results: An average of 75.22 ± 9.52 integration sites per bird were identified, which collectively group into 279 intervals of which 5% are common to 90% of the genomes analysed and are suggestive of pre-domestication integration events. More than a third of intervals are specific to individual genomes, supporting active circulation of EAV-HP in modern chickens. Interval density is correlated with chromosome length (P<2.31−6), and 27 % of intervals are located within 5 kb of a transcript. Functional annotation clustering of genes reveals enrichment for immune-related functions (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our results illustrate a non-random distribution of EAV-HP in the genome, emphasising the importance it may have played in the adaptation of the species, and provide a platform from which to extend investigations on the co-evolutionary significance of endogenous retroviral genera with their hosts. BioMed Central 2015-10-14 Article PeerReviewed Wragg, David, Mason, Andrew S., Yu, Le, Kuo, Richard, Lawal, Raman A., Desta, Takele Taye, Mwacharo, Joram M., Cho, Chang-Yeon, Kemp, Steve, Burt, David W. and Hanotte, Olivier (2015) Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken. BMC Genomics, 16 . 784/1-784/10. ISSN 1471-2164 Retrovirus Symbiosis Adaptation Immunogenetics Genetics NGS Gallus http://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-015-1954-x doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1954-x doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1954-x
spellingShingle Retrovirus
Symbiosis
Adaptation
Immunogenetics
Genetics
NGS
Gallus
Wragg, David
Mason, Andrew S.
Yu, Le
Kuo, Richard
Lawal, Raman A.
Desta, Takele Taye
Mwacharo, Joram M.
Cho, Chang-Yeon
Kemp, Steve
Burt, David W.
Hanotte, Olivier
Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken
title Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken
title_full Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken
title_fullStr Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken
title_short Genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of EAV-HP integration in domestic chicken
title_sort genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of eav-hp integration in domestic chicken
topic Retrovirus
Symbiosis
Adaptation
Immunogenetics
Genetics
NGS
Gallus
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34507/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34507/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34507/