How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions
The fragmentation of production across borders allows firms to make and export final goods, or to perform only intermediate stages of production by processing imported inputs for re-exporting. We examine how financial frictions affect companies' choice between processing and ordinary trade – im...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34409/ |
| _version_ | 1848794846434689024 |
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| author | Manova, Kalina Yu, Zhihong |
| author_facet | Manova, Kalina Yu, Zhihong |
| author_sort | Manova, Kalina |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The fragmentation of production across borders allows firms to make and export final goods, or to perform only intermediate stages of production by processing imported inputs for re-exporting. We examine how financial frictions affect companies' choice between processing and ordinary trade – implicitly a choice of production technology and position in global supply chains – and how this decision affects performance. We exploit matched customs and balance sheet data from China, where exports are classified as ordinary trade, import-and-assembly processing trade (processing firm sources and pays for imported inputs), and pure assembly processing trade (processing firm receives foreign inputs for free). Value added, profits, and profitability rise from pure assembly to processing with imports to ordinary trade. However, more profitable trade regimes require more working capital because they entail higher up-front costs. As a result, credit constraints induce firms to conduct more processing trade and pure assembly in particular and preclude them from pursuing higher value-added, more profitable activities. Financial market imperfections thus impact the organization of production across firms and countries and inform optimal trade and development policy in the presence of global production networks. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:22:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-34409 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:22:41Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-344092020-05-04T20:02:45Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34409/ How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions Manova, Kalina Yu, Zhihong The fragmentation of production across borders allows firms to make and export final goods, or to perform only intermediate stages of production by processing imported inputs for re-exporting. We examine how financial frictions affect companies' choice between processing and ordinary trade – implicitly a choice of production technology and position in global supply chains – and how this decision affects performance. We exploit matched customs and balance sheet data from China, where exports are classified as ordinary trade, import-and-assembly processing trade (processing firm sources and pays for imported inputs), and pure assembly processing trade (processing firm receives foreign inputs for free). Value added, profits, and profitability rise from pure assembly to processing with imports to ordinary trade. However, more profitable trade regimes require more working capital because they entail higher up-front costs. As a result, credit constraints induce firms to conduct more processing trade and pure assembly in particular and preclude them from pursuing higher value-added, more profitable activities. Financial market imperfections thus impact the organization of production across firms and countries and inform optimal trade and development policy in the presence of global production networks. Elsevier 2016-05 Article PeerReviewed Manova, Kalina and Yu, Zhihong (2016) How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions. Journal of International Economics, 100 . pp. 120-137. ISSN 0022-1996 China Trade Regime Processing Trade Global Value Chain Credit Constraints Heterogeneous Firms http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022199616300198 doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.02.005 doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.02.005 |
| spellingShingle | China Trade Regime Processing Trade Global Value Chain Credit Constraints Heterogeneous Firms Manova, Kalina Yu, Zhihong How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions |
| title | How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions |
| title_full | How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions |
| title_fullStr | How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions |
| title_full_unstemmed | How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions |
| title_short | How firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions |
| title_sort | how firms export: processing vs. ordinary trade with financial frictions |
| topic | China Trade Regime Processing Trade Global Value Chain Credit Constraints Heterogeneous Firms |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34409/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34409/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34409/ |