John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature

Before his execution in 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown wrote a series of prison letters that – along with his death itself – helped to cement the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom. This article charts the adaptation of that aesthetic in antilynching protest literature durin...

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Main Author: Trodd, Zoe
Format: Article
Published: Cambridge University Press 2015
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34170/
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author Trodd, Zoe
author_facet Trodd, Zoe
author_sort Trodd, Zoe
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description Before his execution in 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown wrote a series of prison letters that – along with his death itself – helped to cement the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom. This article charts the adaptation of that aesthetic in antilynching protest literature during the decades that followed. It reveals Brown's own presence in antilynching speeches, sermons, articles, and fiction, and the endurance of the emancipatory martyr symbol that he helped to inaugurate. Between the 1880s and the 1920s, black and white writers imagined lynching's ritual violence as a crucifixion and drew upon the John Brown aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom, including Frederick Douglass, Stephen Graham, James Weldon Johnson, Walter White, black Baptist ministers, and black educators and journalists. Fusing martyrdom and messianism, these antilynching writers made the black Christ of their texts an avenging liberatory angel. The testamentary body of this messianic martyr figure marks the nation for violent retribution. Turning the black Christ into a Brown-like prophetic sign of God's vengeful judgment, antilynching writers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries warned of disaster, demanded a change of course, challenged white southern notions of redemption, and insisted that African Americans must reemancipate themselves and redeem the nation.
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spelling nottingham-341702020-05-04T17:05:33Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34170/ John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature Trodd, Zoe Before his execution in 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown wrote a series of prison letters that – along with his death itself – helped to cement the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom. This article charts the adaptation of that aesthetic in antilynching protest literature during the decades that followed. It reveals Brown's own presence in antilynching speeches, sermons, articles, and fiction, and the endurance of the emancipatory martyr symbol that he helped to inaugurate. Between the 1880s and the 1920s, black and white writers imagined lynching's ritual violence as a crucifixion and drew upon the John Brown aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom, including Frederick Douglass, Stephen Graham, James Weldon Johnson, Walter White, black Baptist ministers, and black educators and journalists. Fusing martyrdom and messianism, these antilynching writers made the black Christ of their texts an avenging liberatory angel. The testamentary body of this messianic martyr figure marks the nation for violent retribution. Turning the black Christ into a Brown-like prophetic sign of God's vengeful judgment, antilynching writers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries warned of disaster, demanded a change of course, challenged white southern notions of redemption, and insisted that African Americans must reemancipate themselves and redeem the nation. Cambridge University Press 2015-05-01 Article PeerReviewed Trodd, Zoe (2015) John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature. Journal of American Studies, 49 (02). pp. 305-321. ISSN 1469-5154 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9703945&fileId=S0021875815000055 doi:10.1017/S0021875815000055 doi:10.1017/S0021875815000055
spellingShingle Trodd, Zoe
John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature
title John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature
title_full John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature
title_fullStr John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature
title_full_unstemmed John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature
title_short John Brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature
title_sort john brown's spirit: the abolitionist aesthetic of emancipatory martyrdom in early antilynching protest literature
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34170/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34170/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34170/