Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies

Preparation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) via microwave heating is becoming increasingly popular due to reduced reaction times and enhanced control of MOF particle size. However, there is little understanding about the detailed interaction of the electric field portion of the wave with reactant...

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Main Authors: Laybourn, Andrea, Katrib, Juliano, Palade, Paula A., Easun, Timothy L., Champness, Neil R., Schröder, Martin, Kingman, Samuel W.
Format: Article
Published: Royal Society of Chemistry 2016
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Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32899/
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author Laybourn, Andrea
Katrib, Juliano
Palade, Paula A.
Easun, Timothy L.
Champness, Neil R.
Schröder, Martin
Kingman, Samuel W.
author_facet Laybourn, Andrea
Katrib, Juliano
Palade, Paula A.
Easun, Timothy L.
Champness, Neil R.
Schröder, Martin
Kingman, Samuel W.
author_sort Laybourn, Andrea
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Preparation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) via microwave heating is becoming increasingly popular due to reduced reaction times and enhanced control of MOF particle size. However, there is little understanding about the detailed interaction of the electric field portion of the wave with reactants during the synthesis of MOFs. In order to overcome this lack of fundamental understanding, information about the dielectric properties of the reactants is required. In this work the dielectric constants (ε′) and loss factors (ε′′) of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC; also known as terephthalic acid) and a number of M(III) (M = metal) salts dissolved in deionized water were measured as a function of frequency, temperature and concentration and with varying anions and cations. Dielectric data confirm the aqueous M(III) salts to be strong microwave absorbers, particularly at 915 MHz. M(III) salts with mono-anionic ligands (for example chlorides and nitrates) exhibit higher losses than di-anionic salts (sulfates) demonstrating that the former are heated more effectively in an applied microwave field. Of the M(III) salts containing either singly- or doubly-charged anions, those containing Fe(III) have the highest loss indicating that they will heat more efficiently than other M(III) salts such as Cr(III) and Al(III). Interestingly, H2BDC exhibits little interaction with the electric field at microwave frequencies.
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spelling nottingham-328992020-05-04T17:36:18Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32899/ Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies Laybourn, Andrea Katrib, Juliano Palade, Paula A. Easun, Timothy L. Champness, Neil R. Schröder, Martin Kingman, Samuel W. Preparation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) via microwave heating is becoming increasingly popular due to reduced reaction times and enhanced control of MOF particle size. However, there is little understanding about the detailed interaction of the electric field portion of the wave with reactants during the synthesis of MOFs. In order to overcome this lack of fundamental understanding, information about the dielectric properties of the reactants is required. In this work the dielectric constants (ε′) and loss factors (ε′′) of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC; also known as terephthalic acid) and a number of M(III) (M = metal) salts dissolved in deionized water were measured as a function of frequency, temperature and concentration and with varying anions and cations. Dielectric data confirm the aqueous M(III) salts to be strong microwave absorbers, particularly at 915 MHz. M(III) salts with mono-anionic ligands (for example chlorides and nitrates) exhibit higher losses than di-anionic salts (sulfates) demonstrating that the former are heated more effectively in an applied microwave field. Of the M(III) salts containing either singly- or doubly-charged anions, those containing Fe(III) have the highest loss indicating that they will heat more efficiently than other M(III) salts such as Cr(III) and Al(III). Interestingly, H2BDC exhibits little interaction with the electric field at microwave frequencies. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016-02-21 Article PeerReviewed Laybourn, Andrea, Katrib, Juliano, Palade, Paula A., Easun, Timothy L., Champness, Neil R., Schröder, Martin and Kingman, Samuel W. (2016) Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 18 (7). pp. 5419-5431. ISSN 1463-9084 Microwave; Dielectric loss; Metal salts; Metal organic framework; Synthesis http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5CP05426E doi:10.1039/C5CP05426E doi:10.1039/C5CP05426E
spellingShingle Microwave; Dielectric loss; Metal salts; Metal organic framework; Synthesis
Laybourn, Andrea
Katrib, Juliano
Palade, Paula A.
Easun, Timothy L.
Champness, Neil R.
Schröder, Martin
Kingman, Samuel W.
Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies
title Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies
title_full Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies
title_fullStr Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies
title_short Understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies
title_sort understanding the electromagnetic interaction of metal organic framework reactants in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies
topic Microwave; Dielectric loss; Metal salts; Metal organic framework; Synthesis
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32899/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32899/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32899/