Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168
Phase-variable restriction-modification systems are a feature of a diverse range of bacterial species. Stochastic, reversible switches in expression of the methyltransferase produces variation in methylation of specific sequences. Phase-variable methylation by both Type I and Type III methyltransfer...
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Oxford University Press
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31382/ |
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| author | Anjum, Awais Kelly, Brathwaite Aidley, Jack B Connerton, Phillippa L. Cummings, Nicola J Parkhill, Julian Connerton, Ian F. Bayliss, Christopher D |
| author_facet | Anjum, Awais Kelly, Brathwaite Aidley, Jack B Connerton, Phillippa L. Cummings, Nicola J Parkhill, Julian Connerton, Ian F. Bayliss, Christopher D |
| author_sort | Anjum, Awais |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Phase-variable restriction-modification systems are a feature of a diverse range of bacterial species. Stochastic, reversible switches in expression of the methyltransferase produces variation in methylation of specific sequences. Phase-variable methylation by both Type I and Type III methyltransferases is associated with altered gene expression and phenotypic variation. One phase-variable gene of Campylobacter jejuni encodes a homologue of an unusual Type IIG restriction-modification system in which the endonuclease and methyltransferase are encoded by a single gene. Using both inhibition of restriction and PacBio-derived methylome analyses of mutants and phase-variants, the cj0031c allele in C. jejuni strain NCTC11168 was demonstrated to specifically methylate adenine in 5′CCCGA and 5′CCTGA sequences. Alterations in the levels of specific transcripts were detected using RNA-Seq in phase-variants and mutants of cj0031c but these changes did not correlate with observed differences in phenotypic behaviour. Alterations in restriction of phage growth were also associated with phase variation (PV) of cj0031c and correlated with presence of sites in the genomes of these phages. We conclude that PV of a Type IIG restriction-modification system causes changes in site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression patterns that may indirectly change adaptive traits. |
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| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-31382 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
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| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
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| spelling | nottingham-313822020-05-04T17:31:07Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31382/ Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 Anjum, Awais Kelly, Brathwaite Aidley, Jack B Connerton, Phillippa L. Cummings, Nicola J Parkhill, Julian Connerton, Ian F. Bayliss, Christopher D Phase-variable restriction-modification systems are a feature of a diverse range of bacterial species. Stochastic, reversible switches in expression of the methyltransferase produces variation in methylation of specific sequences. Phase-variable methylation by both Type I and Type III methyltransferases is associated with altered gene expression and phenotypic variation. One phase-variable gene of Campylobacter jejuni encodes a homologue of an unusual Type IIG restriction-modification system in which the endonuclease and methyltransferase are encoded by a single gene. Using both inhibition of restriction and PacBio-derived methylome analyses of mutants and phase-variants, the cj0031c allele in C. jejuni strain NCTC11168 was demonstrated to specifically methylate adenine in 5′CCCGA and 5′CCTGA sequences. Alterations in the levels of specific transcripts were detected using RNA-Seq in phase-variants and mutants of cj0031c but these changes did not correlate with observed differences in phenotypic behaviour. Alterations in restriction of phage growth were also associated with phase variation (PV) of cj0031c and correlated with presence of sites in the genomes of these phages. We conclude that PV of a Type IIG restriction-modification system causes changes in site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression patterns that may indirectly change adaptive traits. Oxford University Press 2016-01-18 Article PeerReviewed Anjum, Awais, Kelly, Brathwaite, Aidley, Jack B, Connerton, Phillippa L., Cummings, Nicola J, Parkhill, Julian, Connerton, Ian F. and Bayliss, Christopher D (2016) Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168. Nucleic Acids Research . ISSN 0305-1048 http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/gkw019? doi:10.1093/nar/gkw019 doi:10.1093/nar/gkw019 |
| spellingShingle | Anjum, Awais Kelly, Brathwaite Aidley, Jack B Connerton, Phillippa L. Cummings, Nicola J Parkhill, Julian Connerton, Ian F. Bayliss, Christopher D Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 |
| title | Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 |
| title_full | Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 |
| title_fullStr | Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 |
| title_short | Phase variation of a Type IIG restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 |
| title_sort | phase variation of a type iig restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in campylobacter jejuni strain nctc11168 |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31382/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31382/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31382/ |