Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?

During the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, the broad spectrum of wild plant species exploited by hunter-gatherers narrowed dramatically. The mechanisms responsible for this specialization and the associated domestication of plants are intensely debated. We investigated why some specie...

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Main Authors: Preece, Catherine, Livarda, Alexandra, Wallace, Michael, Martin, Gemma, Charles, Michael, Christin, Pascal-Antoine, Jones, Glynis, Rees, Mark, Osborne, Colin P.
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Published: Wiley 2015
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Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31201/
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author Preece, Catherine
Livarda, Alexandra
Wallace, Michael
Martin, Gemma
Charles, Michael
Christin, Pascal-Antoine
Jones, Glynis
Rees, Mark
Osborne, Colin P.
author_facet Preece, Catherine
Livarda, Alexandra
Wallace, Michael
Martin, Gemma
Charles, Michael
Christin, Pascal-Antoine
Jones, Glynis
Rees, Mark
Osborne, Colin P.
author_sort Preece, Catherine
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description During the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, the broad spectrum of wild plant species exploited by hunter-gatherers narrowed dramatically. The mechanisms responsible for this specialization and the associated domestication of plants are intensely debated. We investigated why some species were domesticated rather than others, and which traits they shared. We tested whether the progenitors of cereal and pulse crops, grown individually, produced a higher yield and less chaff than other wild grasses and legumes, thereby maximizing the return per seed planted and minimizing processing time. We compared harvest traits of species originating from the Fertile Crescent, including those for which there is archaeological evidence of deliberate collection. Unexpectedly, wild crop progenitors in both families had neither higher grain yield nor, in grasses, less chaff, although they did have larger seeds. Moreover, small-seeded grasses actually returned a higher yield relative to the mass of seeds sown. However, cereal progenitors had threefold fewer seeds per plant, representing a major difference in how seeds are packaged on plants. These data suggest that there was no intrinsic yield advantage to adopting large-seeded progenitor species as crops. Explaining why Neolithic agriculture was founded on these species, therefore, remains an important unresolved challenge.
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spelling nottingham-312012020-05-04T17:04:51Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31201/ Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated? Preece, Catherine Livarda, Alexandra Wallace, Michael Martin, Gemma Charles, Michael Christin, Pascal-Antoine Jones, Glynis Rees, Mark Osborne, Colin P. During the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, the broad spectrum of wild plant species exploited by hunter-gatherers narrowed dramatically. The mechanisms responsible for this specialization and the associated domestication of plants are intensely debated. We investigated why some species were domesticated rather than others, and which traits they shared. We tested whether the progenitors of cereal and pulse crops, grown individually, produced a higher yield and less chaff than other wild grasses and legumes, thereby maximizing the return per seed planted and minimizing processing time. We compared harvest traits of species originating from the Fertile Crescent, including those for which there is archaeological evidence of deliberate collection. Unexpectedly, wild crop progenitors in both families had neither higher grain yield nor, in grasses, less chaff, although they did have larger seeds. Moreover, small-seeded grasses actually returned a higher yield relative to the mass of seeds sown. However, cereal progenitors had threefold fewer seeds per plant, representing a major difference in how seeds are packaged on plants. These data suggest that there was no intrinsic yield advantage to adopting large-seeded progenitor species as crops. Explaining why Neolithic agriculture was founded on these species, therefore, remains an important unresolved challenge. Wiley 2015-03-11 Article PeerReviewed Preece, Catherine, Livarda, Alexandra, Wallace, Michael, Martin, Gemma, Charles, Michael, Christin, Pascal-Antoine, Jones, Glynis, Rees, Mark and Osborne, Colin P. (2015) Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated? New Phytologist, 207 (3). pp. 905-913. ISSN 1469-8137 crop progenitors domestication Fertile Crescent harvest traits origins of agriculture seed size yield http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13353/full doi:10.1111/nph.13353 doi:10.1111/nph.13353
spellingShingle crop progenitors
domestication
Fertile Crescent
harvest traits
origins of agriculture
seed size
yield
Preece, Catherine
Livarda, Alexandra
Wallace, Michael
Martin, Gemma
Charles, Michael
Christin, Pascal-Antoine
Jones, Glynis
Rees, Mark
Osborne, Colin P.
Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?
title Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?
title_full Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?
title_fullStr Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?
title_full_unstemmed Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?
title_short Were Fertile Crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?
title_sort were fertile crescent crop progenitors higher yielding than other wild species that were never domesticated?
topic crop progenitors
domestication
Fertile Crescent
harvest traits
origins of agriculture
seed size
yield
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31201/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31201/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31201/