On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks

In an experimental setting, we applied a dual strategy to better understand the effect of pictures of eyes on human behavior. First, we investigated whether the effect of eyes was limited to interaction tasks in which the subjects’ decisions influenced the outcomes of other subjects. We expanded the...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Baillon, Aurelien, Selim, Asli, van Dolder, Dennie
Format: Article
Published: Elsevier 2013
Subjects:
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30843/
_version_ 1848794074124910592
author Baillon, Aurelien
Selim, Asli
van Dolder, Dennie
author_facet Baillon, Aurelien
Selim, Asli
van Dolder, Dennie
author_sort Baillon, Aurelien
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description In an experimental setting, we applied a dual strategy to better understand the effect of pictures of eyes on human behavior. First, we investigated whether the effect of eyes was limited to interaction tasks in which the subjects’ decisions influenced the outcomes of other subjects. We expanded the range of tasks to include individual choice tasks in which the subjects’ decisions only influenced their own outcomes. Second, we investigated whether pictures of eyes were one of many social cues or were unique in their effect. We compared the effect of pictures of eyes with the effect of a different condition in which we presented the subjects with pictures of other students (peers). Our results suggest that the effect of pictures of eyes is limited to interaction tasks and that eyes should be considered distinct from other social cues, such as reminders of peers. While pictures of eyes uniformly enhanced pro-social behavior in interaction tasks, this was not the case for reminders of peers. Furthermore, the reminders of peers led to more rational behavior in individual choice tasks, whereas the effect of pictures of eyes was limited to situations involving interaction. Combined, these findings are in line with the claim that the effect of pictures of eyes on behavior is caused by a social exchange heuristic that works to enhance mutual cooperative behavior.
first_indexed 2025-11-14T19:10:24Z
format Article
id nottingham-30843
institution University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
institution_category Local University
last_indexed 2025-11-14T19:10:24Z
publishDate 2013
publisher Elsevier
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
spelling nottingham-308432020-05-04T16:35:22Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30843/ On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks Baillon, Aurelien Selim, Asli van Dolder, Dennie In an experimental setting, we applied a dual strategy to better understand the effect of pictures of eyes on human behavior. First, we investigated whether the effect of eyes was limited to interaction tasks in which the subjects’ decisions influenced the outcomes of other subjects. We expanded the range of tasks to include individual choice tasks in which the subjects’ decisions only influenced their own outcomes. Second, we investigated whether pictures of eyes were one of many social cues or were unique in their effect. We compared the effect of pictures of eyes with the effect of a different condition in which we presented the subjects with pictures of other students (peers). Our results suggest that the effect of pictures of eyes is limited to interaction tasks and that eyes should be considered distinct from other social cues, such as reminders of peers. While pictures of eyes uniformly enhanced pro-social behavior in interaction tasks, this was not the case for reminders of peers. Furthermore, the reminders of peers led to more rational behavior in individual choice tasks, whereas the effect of pictures of eyes was limited to situations involving interaction. Combined, these findings are in line with the claim that the effect of pictures of eyes on behavior is caused by a social exchange heuristic that works to enhance mutual cooperative behavior. Elsevier 2013-01-21 Article PeerReviewed Baillon, Aurelien, Selim, Asli and van Dolder, Dennie (2013) On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks. Evolution and Human Behavior, 34 (2). pp. 146-154. ISSN 1090-5138 Altruism Ambiguity Compound Lotteries Cooperation Cues Dictator Game Eyes Generosity Joy of Destruction Reputation http://www.ehbonline.org/article/S1090-5138(12)00135-3/abstract doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.12.001 doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.12.001
spellingShingle Altruism
Ambiguity
Compound Lotteries
Cooperation
Cues
Dictator Game
Eyes
Generosity
Joy of Destruction
Reputation
Baillon, Aurelien
Selim, Asli
van Dolder, Dennie
On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
title On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
title_full On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
title_fullStr On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
title_full_unstemmed On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
title_short On the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
title_sort on the social nature of eyes: the effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks
topic Altruism
Ambiguity
Compound Lotteries
Cooperation
Cues
Dictator Game
Eyes
Generosity
Joy of Destruction
Reputation
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30843/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30843/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30843/