Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing
The first fully integrated 2D CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing for applications in laser Doppler blood flow (LDBF) imaging has been designed and tested. To obtain a space efficient design over 64 × 64 pixels means that standard processing electronics used off-chip cannot be impleme...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI
2013
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2729/ |
| _version_ | 1848790860578160640 |
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| author | He, Diwei Nguyen, Hoang C. Hayes-Gill, Barrie R. Zhu, Yiqun Crowe, John A. Gill, Cally Clough, Geraldine F. Morgan, Stephen P. |
| author_facet | He, Diwei Nguyen, Hoang C. Hayes-Gill, Barrie R. Zhu, Yiqun Crowe, John A. Gill, Cally Clough, Geraldine F. Morgan, Stephen P. |
| author_sort | He, Diwei |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The first fully integrated 2D CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing for applications in laser Doppler blood flow (LDBF) imaging has been designed and tested. To obtain a space efficient design over 64 × 64 pixels means that standard processing electronics used off-chip cannot be implemented. Therefore the analog signal processing at each pixel is a tailored design for LDBF signals with balanced optimization for signal-to-noise ratio and silicon area. This custom made sensor offers key advantages over conventional sensors, viz. the analog signal processing at the pixel level carries out signal normalization; the AC amplification in combination with an anti-aliasing filter allows analog-to-digital conversion with a low number of bits; low resource implementation of the digital processor enables on-chip processing and the data bottleneck that exists between the detector and processing electronics has been overcome. The sensor demonstrates good agreement with simulation at each design stage. The measured optical performance of the sensor is demonstrated using modulated light signals and in vivo blood flow experiments. Images showing blood flow changes with arterial occlusion and an inflammatory response to a histamine skin-prick demonstrate that the sensor array is capable of detecting blood flow signals from tissue. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T18:19:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-2729 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T18:19:20Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-27292020-05-04T16:38:50Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2729/ Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing He, Diwei Nguyen, Hoang C. Hayes-Gill, Barrie R. Zhu, Yiqun Crowe, John A. Gill, Cally Clough, Geraldine F. Morgan, Stephen P. The first fully integrated 2D CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing for applications in laser Doppler blood flow (LDBF) imaging has been designed and tested. To obtain a space efficient design over 64 × 64 pixels means that standard processing electronics used off-chip cannot be implemented. Therefore the analog signal processing at each pixel is a tailored design for LDBF signals with balanced optimization for signal-to-noise ratio and silicon area. This custom made sensor offers key advantages over conventional sensors, viz. the analog signal processing at the pixel level carries out signal normalization; the AC amplification in combination with an anti-aliasing filter allows analog-to-digital conversion with a low number of bits; low resource implementation of the digital processor enables on-chip processing and the data bottleneck that exists between the detector and processing electronics has been overcome. The sensor demonstrates good agreement with simulation at each design stage. The measured optical performance of the sensor is demonstrated using modulated light signals and in vivo blood flow experiments. Images showing blood flow changes with arterial occlusion and an inflammatory response to a histamine skin-prick demonstrate that the sensor array is capable of detecting blood flow signals from tissue. MDPI 2013-09-18 Article PeerReviewed He, Diwei, Nguyen, Hoang C., Hayes-Gill, Barrie R., Zhu, Yiqun, Crowe, John A., Gill, Cally, Clough, Geraldine F. and Morgan, Stephen P. (2013) Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing. Sensors, 13 (9). pp. 12634-12647. ISSN 1424-8220 http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/9/12632 doi:10.3390/s130912632 doi:10.3390/s130912632 |
| spellingShingle | He, Diwei Nguyen, Hoang C. Hayes-Gill, Barrie R. Zhu, Yiqun Crowe, John A. Gill, Cally Clough, Geraldine F. Morgan, Stephen P. Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing |
| title | Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing |
| title_full | Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing |
| title_fullStr | Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing |
| title_short | Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing |
| title_sort | laser doppler blood flow imaging using a cmos imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2729/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2729/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2729/ |