Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress

Populations of genetically uniform microorganisms exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity, where individual cells have varying phenotypes. Such phenotypes include fitness-determining traits. Phenotypic heterogeneity has been linked to increased population-level fitness in laboratory studies, but its a...

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Main Authors: Holland, Sara L., Reader, Tom, Dyer, Paul S., Avery, Simon V.
Format: Article
Published: Wiley 2013
Online Access:https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2342/
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author Holland, Sara L.
Reader, Tom
Dyer, Paul S.
Avery, Simon V.
author_facet Holland, Sara L.
Reader, Tom
Dyer, Paul S.
Avery, Simon V.
author_sort Holland, Sara L.
building Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection Online Access
description Populations of genetically uniform microorganisms exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity, where individual cells have varying phenotypes. Such phenotypes include fitness-determining traits. Phenotypic heterogeneity has been linked to increased population-level fitness in laboratory studies, but its adaptive significance for wild microorganisms in the natural environment is unknown. Here, we addressed this by testing heterogeneity in yeast isolates from diverse environmental sites, each polluted with a different principal contaminant, as well as from corresponding control locations. We found that cell-to-cell heterogeneity (in resistance to the appropriate principal pollutant) was prevalent in the wild yeast isolates. Moreover, isolates with the highest heterogeneity were consistently observed in the polluted environments, indicating that heterogeneity is positively related to survival in adverse conditions in the wild. This relationship with survival was stronger than for the property of mean resistance (IC50) of an isolate. Therefore, heterogeneity could be the major determinant of microbial survival in adverse conditions. Indeed, growth assays indicated that isolates with high heterogeneities had a significant competitive advantage during stress. Analysis of yeasts after cultivation for ≥ 500 generations additionally showed that high heterogeneity evolved as a heritable trait during stress. The results showed that environmental stress selects for wild microorganisms with high levels of phenotypic heterogeneity.
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spelling nottingham-23422020-05-04T16:38:59Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2342/ Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress Holland, Sara L. Reader, Tom Dyer, Paul S. Avery, Simon V. Populations of genetically uniform microorganisms exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity, where individual cells have varying phenotypes. Such phenotypes include fitness-determining traits. Phenotypic heterogeneity has been linked to increased population-level fitness in laboratory studies, but its adaptive significance for wild microorganisms in the natural environment is unknown. Here, we addressed this by testing heterogeneity in yeast isolates from diverse environmental sites, each polluted with a different principal contaminant, as well as from corresponding control locations. We found that cell-to-cell heterogeneity (in resistance to the appropriate principal pollutant) was prevalent in the wild yeast isolates. Moreover, isolates with the highest heterogeneity were consistently observed in the polluted environments, indicating that heterogeneity is positively related to survival in adverse conditions in the wild. This relationship with survival was stronger than for the property of mean resistance (IC50) of an isolate. Therefore, heterogeneity could be the major determinant of microbial survival in adverse conditions. Indeed, growth assays indicated that isolates with high heterogeneities had a significant competitive advantage during stress. Analysis of yeasts after cultivation for ≥ 500 generations additionally showed that high heterogeneity evolved as a heritable trait during stress. The results showed that environmental stress selects for wild microorganisms with high levels of phenotypic heterogeneity. Wiley 2013-09-03 Article PeerReviewed Holland, Sara L., Reader, Tom, Dyer, Paul S. and Avery, Simon V. (2013) Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress. Environmental Microbiology . ISSN 1462-2912 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1462-2920.12243/full doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12243 doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12243
spellingShingle Holland, Sara L.
Reader, Tom
Dyer, Paul S.
Avery, Simon V.
Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress
title Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress
title_full Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress
title_fullStr Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress
title_short Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress
title_sort phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress
url https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2342/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2342/
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2342/