Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock
The growth in the use and wear of Ti-based alloy components in mining and offshore explorations has led to a search for techniques to re-engineer such components for reuse. The most desirable method of restoring/protecting the component surfaces is by hard-facing to enhance longevity in service....
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis (University of Nottingham only) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2014
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14268/ |
| _version_ | 1848791918129971200 |
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| author | Farayibi, Peter Kayode |
| author_facet | Farayibi, Peter Kayode |
| author_sort | Farayibi, Peter Kayode |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The growth in the use and wear of Ti-based alloy components in mining and offshore explorations has led to a search for techniques to re-engineer such components for reuse. The most desirable method of restoring/protecting the component surfaces is by hard-facing to enhance longevity in service.
Laser cladding is one of the viable techniques to achieve a thick coating on such components which involves the addition of reinforcing particulates to improve surface properties such as hardness, wear and erosion resistance amongst others. A fundamental study and understanding of the resultant microstructure-property of the laser clad, hard-facing composite becomes necessary.
In this study, laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V wire with Spherotene particulate reinforcement and laser cladding of modified pre-blend of Ti-6Al-4V and TiB_2 powder were undertaken. The resulting physical and microstructural characteristics, hardness, and performance characteristics of laser clad composites were investigated. Samples from the as-deposited laser clad composites were characterised using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (with chemical microanalysis) and X-ray diffraction. Performance characteristics were examined via erosion testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene using plain and abrasive water jetting, and tensile testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite.
The results showed that a crack and pore free clad containing as high as 76 wt.% Spherotene in the Ti matrix was achieved at an energy density of 150 J.mm^-2, 275 mm/min traverse speed, 700 mm/min wire feed rate and 30 g/min powder feed rate. The microstructure of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene is characterised by nano-sized precipitates of reaction products (W and TiC) uniformly distributed in a beta-Ti solid solution matrix. Matrix hardness is enhanced by the presence of the reaction products in the Ti ranging between 410-620 kgf.mm^-2. Moreover, the modication made to the 90 wt.% Ti-6Al-4V/10 wt.% TiB2 feedstock by attaching the TiB2 to Ti-6Al-4V
allowed uniform distribution of reinforcing element in the deposited composite. The composite microstructure on solidication is characterised by TiB eutectic needle-like
features uniformly distributed in a Ti-rich primary phase. The hardness of the composite ranged between 440-480 gf.mm^-2. Tensile tests showed that the mean elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite is 145 GPa, which is a 27% improvement when compared to that of Ti-6Al-4V. Erosion test indicated that the Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene composite offered as high as 13 and 8 times resistance of that of Ti-6Al-4V when subjected to PWJ and AWJ impacts respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T18:36:08Z |
| format | Thesis (University of Nottingham only) |
| id | nottingham-14268 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T18:36:08Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-142682025-02-28T11:29:45Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14268/ Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock Farayibi, Peter Kayode The growth in the use and wear of Ti-based alloy components in mining and offshore explorations has led to a search for techniques to re-engineer such components for reuse. The most desirable method of restoring/protecting the component surfaces is by hard-facing to enhance longevity in service. Laser cladding is one of the viable techniques to achieve a thick coating on such components which involves the addition of reinforcing particulates to improve surface properties such as hardness, wear and erosion resistance amongst others. A fundamental study and understanding of the resultant microstructure-property of the laser clad, hard-facing composite becomes necessary. In this study, laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V wire with Spherotene particulate reinforcement and laser cladding of modified pre-blend of Ti-6Al-4V and TiB_2 powder were undertaken. The resulting physical and microstructural characteristics, hardness, and performance characteristics of laser clad composites were investigated. Samples from the as-deposited laser clad composites were characterised using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (with chemical microanalysis) and X-ray diffraction. Performance characteristics were examined via erosion testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene using plain and abrasive water jetting, and tensile testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite. The results showed that a crack and pore free clad containing as high as 76 wt.% Spherotene in the Ti matrix was achieved at an energy density of 150 J.mm^-2, 275 mm/min traverse speed, 700 mm/min wire feed rate and 30 g/min powder feed rate. The microstructure of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene is characterised by nano-sized precipitates of reaction products (W and TiC) uniformly distributed in a beta-Ti solid solution matrix. Matrix hardness is enhanced by the presence of the reaction products in the Ti ranging between 410-620 kgf.mm^-2. Moreover, the modication made to the 90 wt.% Ti-6Al-4V/10 wt.% TiB2 feedstock by attaching the TiB2 to Ti-6Al-4V allowed uniform distribution of reinforcing element in the deposited composite. The composite microstructure on solidication is characterised by TiB eutectic needle-like features uniformly distributed in a Ti-rich primary phase. The hardness of the composite ranged between 440-480 gf.mm^-2. Tensile tests showed that the mean elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite is 145 GPa, which is a 27% improvement when compared to that of Ti-6Al-4V. Erosion test indicated that the Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene composite offered as high as 13 and 8 times resistance of that of Ti-6Al-4V when subjected to PWJ and AWJ impacts respectively. 2014-06-05 Thesis (University of Nottingham only) NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en arr https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14268/1/Thesis.pdf Farayibi, Peter Kayode (2014) Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Lasers industrial applications titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys coating processes |
| spellingShingle | Lasers industrial applications titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys coating processes Farayibi, Peter Kayode Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock |
| title | Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock |
| title_full | Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock |
| title_fullStr | Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock |
| title_short | Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock |
| title_sort | laser cladding of ti-6al-4v with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock |
| topic | Lasers industrial applications titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys coating processes |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14268/ |