Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons
Early models for paddy fields consist of a singlelayered medium in which coherent effects within clusters of leaves are considered but multiple volume scattering is not. In this paper, the paddy canopy is modeled as a multilayered dense discrete random medium consisting of cylindrical and needle-sha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
2007
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| Online Access: | http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/ http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/1/1038.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848790209940946944 |
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| author | Koay, Jun Yi Tan, Chue Poh Lim, Ka Sing Abu Bakar, Saiful Bahari Ewe, Hong Tat Chuah, Hean Teik Kong, Jin Au |
| author_facet | Koay, Jun Yi Tan, Chue Poh Lim, Ka Sing Abu Bakar, Saiful Bahari Ewe, Hong Tat Chuah, Hean Teik Kong, Jin Au |
| author_sort | Koay, Jun Yi |
| building | MMU Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Early models for paddy fields consist of a singlelayered medium in which coherent effects within clusters of leaves are considered but multiple volume scattering is not. In this paper, the paddy canopy is modeled as a multilayered dense discrete random medium consisting of cylindrical and needle-shaped scatterers. Consideration is given to the coherent and near-field effects of the closely spaced scatterers through the Dense Medium Phase and Amplitude Correction Theory and Fresnel corrections, respectively, in the phase matrix. Then, this dense medium phase matrix is applied in the radiative transfer equations and solved up to the second order to consider double-volume scattering. Ground truth measurements of paddy fields were acquired at Sungai Burung, Selangor, Malaysia, for an entire season from the early vegetative stage of the plants to their reproductive stage. Measured parameters are used in the theoretical model to calculate the backscattering coefficients of paddy fields. Theoretical analysis of the simulation results shows in particular that second-order effects are important for cross-polarized backscatter data and that coherent effects need to be considered at lower frequencies. However, the use of needles to represent paddy leaves tends to underestimate the HH-polarized backscattering coefficients especially at the latter stages of plant growth, i.e., when the leaves are broader. The results are also used for comparisons with the backscattering coefficients obtained from RADARSAT images as well as that of earlier models to test the validity of the dense medium model with promising results. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T18:08:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mmu-3013 |
| institution | Multimedia University |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T18:08:59Z |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publisher | IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | mmu-30132020-12-29T17:31:29Z http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/ Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons Koay, Jun Yi Tan, Chue Poh Lim, Ka Sing Abu Bakar, Saiful Bahari Ewe, Hong Tat Chuah, Hean Teik Kong, Jin Au T Technology (General) QA75.5-76.95 Electronic computers. Computer science Early models for paddy fields consist of a singlelayered medium in which coherent effects within clusters of leaves are considered but multiple volume scattering is not. In this paper, the paddy canopy is modeled as a multilayered dense discrete random medium consisting of cylindrical and needle-shaped scatterers. Consideration is given to the coherent and near-field effects of the closely spaced scatterers through the Dense Medium Phase and Amplitude Correction Theory and Fresnel corrections, respectively, in the phase matrix. Then, this dense medium phase matrix is applied in the radiative transfer equations and solved up to the second order to consider double-volume scattering. Ground truth measurements of paddy fields were acquired at Sungai Burung, Selangor, Malaysia, for an entire season from the early vegetative stage of the plants to their reproductive stage. Measured parameters are used in the theoretical model to calculate the backscattering coefficients of paddy fields. Theoretical analysis of the simulation results shows in particular that second-order effects are important for cross-polarized backscatter data and that coherent effects need to be considered at lower frequencies. However, the use of needles to represent paddy leaves tends to underestimate the HH-polarized backscattering coefficients especially at the latter stages of plant growth, i.e., when the leaves are broader. The results are also used for comparisons with the backscattering coefficients obtained from RADARSAT images as well as that of earlier models to test the validity of the dense medium model with promising results. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC 2007-09 Article NonPeerReviewed text en http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/1/1038.pdf Koay, Jun Yi and Tan, Chue Poh and Lim, Ka Sing and Abu Bakar, Saiful Bahari and Ewe, Hong Tat and Chuah, Hean Teik and Kong, Jin Au (2007) Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45 (9). pp. 2837-2849. ISSN 0196-2892 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2007.902291 doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.902291 doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.902291 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) QA75.5-76.95 Electronic computers. Computer science Koay, Jun Yi Tan, Chue Poh Lim, Ka Sing Abu Bakar, Saiful Bahari Ewe, Hong Tat Chuah, Hean Teik Kong, Jin Au Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons |
| title | Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons |
| title_full | Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons |
| title_fullStr | Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons |
| title_short | Paddy Fields as Electrically Dense Media: Theoretical Modeling and Measurement Comparisons |
| title_sort | paddy fields as electrically dense media: theoretical modeling and measurement comparisons |
| topic | T Technology (General) QA75.5-76.95 Electronic computers. Computer science |
| url | http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/ http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/ http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/ http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/3013/1/1038.pdf |