Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years
PURPOSE To investigate children’s willingness to sit next to a child with noticeable exotropia as a measure of social alienation. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, mixed-design study. Children in primary grades 3-6 (8-12 years old) were asked to view 8 digitally modified images of exotropic or...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/261/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/261/1/3.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848766433068056576 |
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| author | Lukman, Hera Kiat, John E. Ganesan, Asha Chua, Wei Ling Khor, Kheng Leik Choong, Yee Fong |
| author_facet | Lukman, Hera Kiat, John E. Ganesan, Asha Chua, Wei Ling Khor, Kheng Leik Choong, Yee Fong |
| author_sort | Lukman, Hera |
| building | INTI Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | PURPOSE To investigate children’s willingness to sit next to a child with noticeable exotropia as
a measure of social alienation.
METHODS This was a cross-sectional, mixed-design study. Children in primary grades 3-6 (8-12 years
old) were asked to view 8 digitally modified images of exotropic or orthotropic children in
classroom settings and rate their willingness to sit next to the child in each image.
RESULTS A total of 157 children participated. A 4 � 2 � 2 mixed-design analysis of variance revealed
a significant main effect for primary level (F [3, 151] 5 4.06, P 5 .01, partial h2 5 .08)
and for image type, exotropic versus orthotropic, (F [1, 151] 5 108.45, P 5 .00, partial
h2 5 .42). The results of the main effects were qualified by a significant primary level X
image type interaction (F [3, 151] 5 4.00, P 5 .01, partial h2 5 .08). Children were less
willing to sit next to a person with noticeable exotropia. Although this phenomenon was
consistent across all primary levels, the magnitude of the effect diminished in strength
for children in higher primary levels.
CONCLUSIONS This study further strengthens existing evidence for strabismus-related prejudice that suggests
that children with noticeable strabismus may be subjected to social alienation by other
children. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:51:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | intimal-261 |
| institution | INTI International University |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:51:04Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | intimal-2612016-05-11T09:24:33Z http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/261/ Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years Lukman, Hera Kiat, John E. Ganesan, Asha Chua, Wei Ling Khor, Kheng Leik Choong, Yee Fong BF Psychology PURPOSE To investigate children’s willingness to sit next to a child with noticeable exotropia as a measure of social alienation. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, mixed-design study. Children in primary grades 3-6 (8-12 years old) were asked to view 8 digitally modified images of exotropic or orthotropic children in classroom settings and rate their willingness to sit next to the child in each image. RESULTS A total of 157 children participated. A 4 � 2 � 2 mixed-design analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for primary level (F [3, 151] 5 4.06, P 5 .01, partial h2 5 .08) and for image type, exotropic versus orthotropic, (F [1, 151] 5 108.45, P 5 .00, partial h2 5 .42). The results of the main effects were qualified by a significant primary level X image type interaction (F [3, 151] 5 4.00, P 5 .01, partial h2 5 .08). Children were less willing to sit next to a person with noticeable exotropia. Although this phenomenon was consistent across all primary levels, the magnitude of the effect diminished in strength for children in higher primary levels. CONCLUSIONS This study further strengthens existing evidence for strabismus-related prejudice that suggests that children with noticeable strabismus may be subjected to social alienation by other children. Elsevier 2011 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/261/1/3.pdf Lukman, Hera and Kiat, John E. and Ganesan, Asha and Chua, Wei Ling and Khor, Kheng Leik and Choong, Yee Fong (2011) Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years. Journal of Aapos, 15 (3). pp. 238-240. ISSN 1091-8531 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.01.158 |
| spellingShingle | BF Psychology Lukman, Hera Kiat, John E. Ganesan, Asha Chua, Wei Ling Khor, Kheng Leik Choong, Yee Fong Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years |
| title | Negative social reaction to strabismus in school
children ages 8-12 years |
| title_full | Negative social reaction to strabismus in school
children ages 8-12 years |
| title_fullStr | Negative social reaction to strabismus in school
children ages 8-12 years |
| title_full_unstemmed | Negative social reaction to strabismus in school
children ages 8-12 years |
| title_short | Negative social reaction to strabismus in school
children ages 8-12 years |
| title_sort | negative social reaction to strabismus in school
children ages 8-12 years |
| topic | BF Psychology |
| url | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/261/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/261/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/261/1/3.pdf |