Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness
Employee engagement plays a vital role in enhancing organizational effectiveness, yet existing research lacks a unified framework that integrates its multilevel effects, especially under the influence of digital transformation. Fragmented theories and evolving work environments make it difficult to...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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INTI International University
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/2/722 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/3/jobss2025_5.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848766984306556928 |
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| author | Wang, Yajuan Balakrishnan, Parasuraman |
| author_facet | Wang, Yajuan Balakrishnan, Parasuraman |
| author_sort | Wang, Yajuan |
| building | INTI Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Employee engagement plays a vital role in enhancing organizational effectiveness, yet existing research lacks a unified framework that integrates its multilevel effects, especially under the influence of digital transformation. Fragmented theories and evolving work environments make it difficult to understand how engagement operates across individual, team, and organizational levels. This paper reviews and integrates four key theoretical perspectives—Kahn’s Psychological Conditions Theory, Self-Determination Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Conservation of Resources Theory—to construct a multilevel model of employee engagement. It further explores how digital technologies reshape engagement through platform tools, algorithmic control, and virtual collaboration. Findings reveal that employee engagement contributes to performance, innovation, and strategic alignment, but digital transformation also introduces risks such as surveillance and emotional fatigue. The review highlights key research gaps, including the need for integrated multilevel models and context-specific digital engagement studies. This study contributes a novel conceptual framework that connects engagement theory with digital-era challenges, offering insights for future research and practical applications in human resource and organizational development. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:59:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | intimal-2173 |
| institution | INTI International University |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:59:49Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | INTI International University |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | intimal-21732025-09-08T07:29:09Z http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/ Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness Wang, Yajuan Balakrishnan, Parasuraman H Social Sciences (General) HD Industries. Land use. Labor HD28 Management. Industrial Management Employee engagement plays a vital role in enhancing organizational effectiveness, yet existing research lacks a unified framework that integrates its multilevel effects, especially under the influence of digital transformation. Fragmented theories and evolving work environments make it difficult to understand how engagement operates across individual, team, and organizational levels. This paper reviews and integrates four key theoretical perspectives—Kahn’s Psychological Conditions Theory, Self-Determination Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Conservation of Resources Theory—to construct a multilevel model of employee engagement. It further explores how digital technologies reshape engagement through platform tools, algorithmic control, and virtual collaboration. Findings reveal that employee engagement contributes to performance, innovation, and strategic alignment, but digital transformation also introduces risks such as surveillance and emotional fatigue. The review highlights key research gaps, including the need for integrated multilevel models and context-specific digital engagement studies. This study contributes a novel conceptual framework that connects engagement theory with digital-era challenges, offering insights for future research and practical applications in human resource and organizational development. INTI International University 2025-09 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/2/722 text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/3/jobss2025_5.pdf Wang, Yajuan and Balakrishnan, Parasuraman (2025) Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness. Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2025 (05). pp. 1-13. ISSN 2805-5187 http://ipublishing.intimal.edu.my/jobss.html |
| spellingShingle | H Social Sciences (General) HD Industries. Land use. Labor HD28 Management. Industrial Management Wang, Yajuan Balakrishnan, Parasuraman Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness |
| title | Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness |
| title_full | Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness |
| title_fullStr | Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness |
| title_short | Reframing Employee Engagement in the Digital Era: A Multilevel Review of Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness |
| title_sort | reframing employee engagement in the digital era: a multilevel review of its impact on organizational effectiveness |
| topic | H Social Sciences (General) HD Industries. Land use. Labor HD28 Management. Industrial Management |
| url | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/2/722 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2173/3/jobss2025_5.pdf |