The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans
Torovirus (ToV) is one of the responsible for causing gastroenteritis diseases in animals and humans worldwide. Since its discovery in the 1970s, ToVs remained one of the important causative agents for gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals including h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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INTI International University
2023
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/2/75 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/3/ij2023_11r.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848766950467960832 |
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| author | Mohd Iswadi, Ismail |
| author_facet | Mohd Iswadi, Ismail |
| author_sort | Mohd Iswadi, Ismail |
| building | INTI Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Torovirus (ToV) is one of the responsible for causing gastroenteritis diseases in animals and humans worldwide. Since its discovery in the 1970s, ToVs remained one of the important causative agents for gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals including humans. Therefore, the ecobiology and association of ToVs in animals and humans remained to be elucidated. The molecular basis of ToVs in animals and humans has been well described. ToVs can be recognised as enveloped viruses with non-segmented and positive-sense of RNA genome, and pleomorphic shape. In addition, the recent epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and suitable prevention and control measures are also explained in this review. Clinical signs of ToV infection are vary; these include pyrexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, lethargy, depression, and death. Various diagnostic methods were used in the detection of ToVs such as electron microscopy, RT-PCR, haemagglutination inhibition, ELISA, and neutralisation assay. At present, no vaccine is available for ToV, but the virus can be prevented by applying good hygiene, strict biosecurity, and proper sanitary conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:57:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | intimal-1750 |
| institution | INTI International University |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:59:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | INTI International University |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | intimal-17502025-07-29T08:45:52Z http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/ The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans Mohd Iswadi, Ismail Q Science (General) QH301 Biology QL Zoology Torovirus (ToV) is one of the responsible for causing gastroenteritis diseases in animals and humans worldwide. Since its discovery in the 1970s, ToVs remained one of the important causative agents for gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals including humans. Therefore, the ecobiology and association of ToVs in animals and humans remained to be elucidated. The molecular basis of ToVs in animals and humans has been well described. ToVs can be recognised as enveloped viruses with non-segmented and positive-sense of RNA genome, and pleomorphic shape. In addition, the recent epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and suitable prevention and control measures are also explained in this review. Clinical signs of ToV infection are vary; these include pyrexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, lethargy, depression, and death. Various diagnostic methods were used in the detection of ToVs such as electron microscopy, RT-PCR, haemagglutination inhibition, ELISA, and neutralisation assay. At present, no vaccine is available for ToV, but the virus can be prevented by applying good hygiene, strict biosecurity, and proper sanitary conditions. INTI International University 2023-06 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/2/75 text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/3/ij2023_11r.pdf Mohd Iswadi, Ismail (2023) The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans. INTI JOURNAL, 2023 (11). pp. 1-13. ISSN e2600-7320 https://intijournal.intimal.edu.my |
| spellingShingle | Q Science (General) QH301 Biology QL Zoology Mohd Iswadi, Ismail The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans |
| title | The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans |
| title_full | The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans |
| title_fullStr | The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans |
| title_short | The Ecobiology of Toroviruses (Tobaniviridae) and Their Association with The Enteric Diseases in Animals and Humans |
| title_sort | ecobiology of toroviruses (tobaniviridae) and their association with the enteric diseases in animals and humans |
| topic | Q Science (General) QH301 Biology QL Zoology |
| url | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/2/75 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1750/3/ij2023_11r.pdf |