Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai
An antibiogram study suggests the prescription patterns of antibiotics in a location through which, the prescription of certain antibiotics can be controlled to minimize the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes are common bacteria of the skin, nasal and axi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
INTI International University
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1412/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1412/1/ij2020_04.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848766730846863360 |
|---|---|
| author | Lalita Ambigai, Sivasamugham* Lee, Yuet Huan Geetha, Subramaniam* |
| author_facet | Lalita Ambigai, Sivasamugham* Lee, Yuet Huan Geetha, Subramaniam* |
| author_sort | Lalita Ambigai, Sivasamugham* |
| building | INTI Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | An antibiogram study suggests the prescription patterns of antibiotics in a location through which,
the prescription of certain antibiotics can be controlled to minimize the rise of antibiotic resistant
bacteria. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes are common bacteria of the skin, nasal and axillae.
However, many of these bacteria are gaining resistance towards antibiotics. Thus, the objective of
this study was to discover the antibiogram of the common microflora isolated from the axillae and
nasal cavity of 25 healthy individuals aged 18-50 in Nilai. The bacterial samples were aseptically
obtained, cultured in nutrient broth and streaked onto nutrient agar to obtain pure cultures. The
pure cultures were subjected to Gram-staining, catalase test, and grown on mannitol salt agar. The
antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed to characterize the susceptibility of the bacterial
isolates towards amoxicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, trimetoprima/ sulfametoxazol,
tetracycline and gentamycin on Mueller Hinton agar. Pure cultures of 78 axillae and nasal samples
were screened in this study. 65.38% of the bacterial isolates were gram positive bacteria
comprising of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and possibly Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium.
Out of the 24 isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, 18.42% were found to be sensitive to the
tested antibiotics whereas, 7.89 % showed resistance to more than one antibiotic. 28% of the
staphylococci showed resistance towards amoxicillin. Although amoxicillin-resistance among
gram positive staphylococci has been reported previously, it is also crucial to note that the transfer
of resistant bacteria is likely to increase with imprudent prescriptions of antibiotics and improper
hygiene practices of individuals. Although the sample size used in this were rather small, the
findings in this study could be used for a definitive antibiotic therapy among gram positive
infections in Malaysia. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:55:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | intimal-1412 |
| institution | INTI International University |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:55:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | INTI International University |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | intimal-14122024-03-17T07:21:34Z http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1412/ Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai Lalita Ambigai, Sivasamugham* Lee, Yuet Huan Geetha, Subramaniam* Q Science (General) QR Microbiology An antibiogram study suggests the prescription patterns of antibiotics in a location through which, the prescription of certain antibiotics can be controlled to minimize the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes are common bacteria of the skin, nasal and axillae. However, many of these bacteria are gaining resistance towards antibiotics. Thus, the objective of this study was to discover the antibiogram of the common microflora isolated from the axillae and nasal cavity of 25 healthy individuals aged 18-50 in Nilai. The bacterial samples were aseptically obtained, cultured in nutrient broth and streaked onto nutrient agar to obtain pure cultures. The pure cultures were subjected to Gram-staining, catalase test, and grown on mannitol salt agar. The antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed to characterize the susceptibility of the bacterial isolates towards amoxicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, trimetoprima/ sulfametoxazol, tetracycline and gentamycin on Mueller Hinton agar. Pure cultures of 78 axillae and nasal samples were screened in this study. 65.38% of the bacterial isolates were gram positive bacteria comprising of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and possibly Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium. Out of the 24 isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, 18.42% were found to be sensitive to the tested antibiotics whereas, 7.89 % showed resistance to more than one antibiotic. 28% of the staphylococci showed resistance towards amoxicillin. Although amoxicillin-resistance among gram positive staphylococci has been reported previously, it is also crucial to note that the transfer of resistant bacteria is likely to increase with imprudent prescriptions of antibiotics and improper hygiene practices of individuals. Although the sample size used in this were rather small, the findings in this study could be used for a definitive antibiotic therapy among gram positive infections in Malaysia. INTI International University 2020-09 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1412/1/ij2020_04.pdf Lalita Ambigai, Sivasamugham* and Lee, Yuet Huan and Geetha, Subramaniam* (2020) Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai. INTI JOURNAL, 2020 (4). ISSN e2600-7320 http://intijournal.newinti.edu.my |
| spellingShingle | Q Science (General) QR Microbiology Lalita Ambigai, Sivasamugham* Lee, Yuet Huan Geetha, Subramaniam* Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai |
| title | Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai |
| title_full | Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai |
| title_fullStr | Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai |
| title_short | Antibiogram Patterns of Staphylococci isolated from the Nasal and Axilla of Healthy Individuals in Nilai |
| title_sort | antibiogram patterns of staphylococci isolated from the nasal and axilla of healthy individuals in nilai |
| topic | Q Science (General) QR Microbiology |
| url | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1412/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1412/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/1412/1/ij2020_04.pdf |